Accelerate Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation and Promote a New Round of Agricultural Revolution

Accelerate Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation and Promote a New Round of Agricultural Revolution

"I really didn't expect to increase production so much! Fertilizer and medicine also increased production, or the potential for science and technology to grow grain." In the three summer seasons, large grain farmers have complained about the joy of harvest. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China's modern agricultural construction was accelerated, and the role of agricultural science and technology was indispensable. The main crops, especially the grain crops, have basically achieved full coverage, the grain yield per mu has increased to 359 kg, the comprehensive mechanization level of the main crops has exceeded 61%, and the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress has reached 56%, which has become the decisive force for the development of modern agriculture. China's agricultural science and technology achievements have attracted worldwide attention. The overall R&D level is in a leading position in developing countries and gradually narrows the gap with developed countries. It has made outstanding contributions to China's stable agricultural growth, structural adjustment, reform, and benefit to the people.

Transforming the way of agricultural development depends on scientific and technological progress. High-altitude climbing and high-level support require high-yield scientific and technological contributions; breaking through technological bottlenecks and promoting sustainable agricultural development require strong and lasting technological power. In recent years, through the fruitful and unremitting efforts, the wings of agricultural science and technology have become more and more powerful, and the engines of agricultural science and technology have become more and more powerful and effective.

Based on industrial needs, vigorously promote independent innovation of agricultural science and technology

Some people say that agricultural research must look at the stars and be down to earth. To achieve "topping the ground" is to focus on the long-term and seize the commanding heights of agricultural science and technology; we must also base ourselves on the present, adhere to the demand orientation, and avoid the "two skins" of the science and technology economy. It is precisely this aim that China has achieved a large number of major scientific research achievements with independent intellectual property rights, laying a solid foundation for the development of service industries and enhancing international competitiveness.

Relying on the modern agricultural industrial technology system, the key laboratory system of the Ministry of Agriculture and major scientific research plans, we have vigorously promoted independent innovation and achieved fruitful results. First, major breakthroughs were made in key technologies, which supported the stable development of agriculture. A large number of excellent agricultural varieties have been cultivated, and a large number of supporting production technologies have been integrated. In 2015, the three major grain yields of corn, rice and wheat in China increased by 48 kg, 34 kg and 66 kg respectively compared with 2010. The “Y Liangyou 900” super rice variety 100 mu has achieved a yield of 1026.7 kg per mu, achieving the goal of the fourth phase of Super Rice in advance. It has overcome the techniques of wide-crop intercropping of peanuts, corn and soybean-like composite planting, and explored a new way to solve the problem of grain and oil coordination in China. A batch of animal disease vaccines such as avian influenza and blue ear disease have been developed to ensure the safety of the livestock industry. Second, basic research and high-tech major achievements have emerged, which has enhanced the supply of innovation sources. Basic research on rice plant type development and maize genetic biology leads international peers. A major breakthrough was made in agricultural biotechnology represented by genetic modification, and a number of original major achievements such as new transgenic insect-resistant cotton varieties, insect-resistant herbicide-tolerant corn, and insect-resistant rice were formed. Third, the international cooperation in agricultural science and technology has reached a new level and enhanced its international status and influence. It has introduced 30,000 germplasm resources and more than 300 forward-looking technologies and advanced applicable technologies. Agricultural science and technology "going out" has taken substantial steps, and has established a research center such as the China-Kazakh Agricultural Science Joint Laboratory. New varieties and technologies such as rice and avian influenza vaccine have been promoted and applied in countries such as Asia and Africa, and the International Potato Center has achieved good results. The Asia Pacific Center is located in China.

Focus on market demand and accelerate the transformation and promotion of agricultural scientific and technological achievements

The implementation of the newly revised "Agricultural Technology Promotion Law" and "Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements" has gradually enhanced the ability to transform applications and technology extension services. First, the pilot reform of the rights and interests of scientific research achievements in the seed industry was carried out, which enhanced the vitality and efficiency of innovation. In conjunction with the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Finance, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other four units carried out pilot reforms in the rights and interests of seed industry research, established the source innovation mechanism for the project, the target guidance mechanism for the service industry, and the enterprise as the main body. The resource agglomeration mechanism has stimulated the vitality of innovation, accelerated the transformation of results, mobilized the enthusiasm of scientific and technological personnel, and promoted the cooperation between science and technology and the flow of talents. The second is to build a service center for the transfer of agricultural science and technology results and accelerate the transformation and application of results. Focusing on the collection and confirmation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements, evaluation and evaluation, transfer transactions, and public service, in 2016, 64 transactions were realized with an amount of 60.91 million yuan. The third is to carry out scientific and technological support actions around major food crops and enhance the capacity of food supply. The implementation of the super rice "double increase one hundred" scientific and technological action and the northeast corn "double increase two hundred" scientific and technological action. In 2015, the super rice demonstration and promotion area was 132 million mu, with an average yield of 583.5 kg per mu, achieving the goal of increasing 100 kg per mu and increasing income by 100 yuan. Nearly 100 million mu of corn in the northeast has achieved the goal of increasing production and increasing efficiency, and achieving high yields of more than 1200 kg per mu in individual areas. The fourth is to strengthen the reform and construction of the grassroots agricultural technology extension system and improve the efficiency of agricultural technology extension services. The central government invests 2.6 billion yuan each year to support more than 2,500 agricultural counties to carry out agricultural technology extension services, and drive local governments to invest more than 10 billion yuan. The vast majority of extension agencies across the country have realized full funding, and the salary of personnel has been included in the budget. The central government has invested 5.8 billion yuan to improve the working conditions of township agricultural technology promotion institutions. More than 90% of the agricultural technology promotion institutions in the country have established personnel recruitment and job evaluation systems. . At present, the township agricultural technology promotion institutions have become the dominant technology promotion, agricultural research institutions, farmers cooperatives, agriculture-related enterprises have become an important force in agricultural technology promotion, and a multi-diversity promotion structure has basically taken shape.

Adhere to joint cooperation, and develop a new pattern in agricultural research

In the autumn season of 2014, the super rice led by Academician Yuan Longping achieved a yield of over 1,000 kilograms per mu. Behind the glory and dreams of Super Rice, many academicians have devoted their efforts, and the five major rice areas and six major cooperative groups have joined forces. The successful practice of Super Rice once again proves that the joint research of the organization is an important way to break through the key technologies of agriculture, and is an important guarantee for improving the efficiency of agricultural science and technology innovation and achieving major breakthroughs in agricultural science and technology.

In recent years, the organization and implementation of major science and technology projects of the Ministry of Agriculture have broken the boundaries of departments, regions, units and disciplines, effectively consolidating the strengths of all parties and forming a strong synergy. With the modern agricultural industrial technology system as the carrier, it promotes in-depth cooperation between agricultural science and education, production, education and research, and forms a new pattern of joint collaboration among experts from different regions and different disciplines in the industrial technology fields of 50 agricultural products such as rice and pigs. With the special project of public welfare industry (agriculture) as the platform, 224 major scientific and technological projects have been launched, and more than 660 agricultural research institutes, science and technology enterprises, colleges and universities and other innovative institutions in 29 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions have participated in the project. 10,000 (personal) scientific and technical personnel have achieved joint collaboration across departments, interdisciplinaries and regions. Based on the key laboratories of the Ministry of Agriculture, 11 “longitudinal disciplines” with variety innovation as the main line were constructed, and innovations such as rice, wheat, soybeans and cotton were promoted steadily; 19 “transverse disciplines” with common technological innovation as the main line were constructed. Innovations such as genomics, comprehensive management of crop pests, and animal diseases have been carried out in an all-round way, forming a criss-crossed agricultural science and technology innovation network covering all agricultural production areas, advantageous agricultural products industries, major agricultural disciplines and dominant units.

Since 2014, accelerate the construction of agricultural science and technology innovation alliance. This is a national science and technology innovation collaboration platform jointly participated by the provincial and prefecture-level three-level agricultural (grazing) industry and the agricultural and sturdy science academy. It fully utilizes its organizational characteristics of government leadership, multi-party alliance, task traction and results, and is innovative agricultural research. Organizational management methods, scientific allocation of agricultural science and technology resources, concentrated efforts to do major events, and accelerating agricultural science and technology innovation will definitely play an important role in promoting a new round of agricultural science and technology revolution.

(Original title: Inserting the wings of technology into agriculture)