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Smart City Top Design Re-examines
The difficulty in landing the top-level design is a common problem in the construction of smart cities. Removing the impetuous style is an important part of the top-level design improvement in smart cities.
Top-level design is always difficult
1.1 Top-level design deviates from people’s expectations
People place high hopes on the top-level design, and hope that the top-level design can ensure the scientific and rationality of the smart city construction plan. Therefore, it is not unreasonable to hire well-known experts to conduct top-level design review. Unfortunately, the top-level design is very difficult. To meet people's expectations, top-level design and smart city construction are increasingly out of touch, and the difficulty of landing is becoming more and more common.
1.2 Increasing size and financial difficulties
The top-level design of smart cities is getting larger and larger, and the coverage is getting more and more complete, so that local governments are becoming more and more difficult to bear. There are many things that cities need to do, and whether such a large-scale smart city investment is worthwhile is not clear to anyone, no one has done a profit analysis of the overall investment, most construction projects are proposed by various departments, the government does not have departments to conduct overall Balanced, there are many and miscellaneous situations in the construction of smart cities.
1.3 Can't catch the most problems the city needs to solve
There are many things smart cities need to do. They must focus on doing them one by one. The government’s energy and available resources are limited. It is important to determine the order in which problems are solved, but these are not considered in the top-level design. The top-level design will only increase the number of projects but will not dare to cut down the projects. It will not have the ability to prioritize. Regardless of the primary and secondary level, the top-level design with "eyebrows and beard grasping" will inevitably lose the city's development direction.
1.4 Estimated difficulty of implementation is far from sufficient
At present, the top-level design is very common for intangible underestimation, careful calculation of cost (such as equipment), and serious underestimation of fuzzy costs (such as software development, data processing, data integration, etc.), organization and management costs (such as data quality maintenance, Data opening, etc.) were not considered. Smart city construction is a social restructuring project. The underestimation of the cost of organization and training directly affects the popularization of smart city applications.
If the system is not built, it can run normally. Each system needs a period of adaptation, maintenance, and modification. The appropriate cost (and organizational cost) of grinding will even exceed the cost of initial development. The lack of cost estimates is an important reason why top-level designs cannot be landed.
Top-level design dissociates from actual Party A reasons
The slick top-level design is the result of the indulgence of the impetuous smart city construction. The high-quality top-level design can only be produced in Party A's critical and critical environment.
2.1 Many smart city investments do not rely on top-level design
Top-level design does not have much say in the scale of investment in smart cities, especially vertical systems. Some project leaders are most concerned about not technology and demand, but how to get funding. The scale of investment comes from the agreement between the leaders. Some vertical management systems are not funded by local management. The top-level design is often a summary of the established investment scale. There is no planning right for investment, and it is difficult to have authority over projects that do not have the right to disburse funds.
2.2 Expert review through the field
Usually the top-level design is reviewed by experts, but the quality of the top-level design is designed rather than evaluated. The review can not improve the quality. The expert review is easy to pass. From the half-day to the one-day review time, experts can't even read the information, let alone fully express their opinions. No one cares whether the expert is true or not. The opinion is not important. The main role of the review is to make the experts Sharing responsibilities, using the reputation of some experts to promote.
2.3 People-controlled smart cities do not care about top-level design
People often say that government informatization is a “one-handed project,†which means that information is a rule of man rather than the rule of law. The construction of a smart city that is ruled by people will not respect the top-level design because leaders are more concerned about benefits during the term rather than the long-term benefits of smart city construction. Regardless of long-term responsible leaders, they will not be interested in the top-level design that pays attention to long-term benefits. Upward efficiency will prevent more management officials from taking top-level designs seriously.
2.4 The short-term government behavior makes the top-level design flashy
The construction of smart cities is a long-term process. It takes time for the overall wisdom of the city to accumulate and upgrade. Every concrete intelligent project needs long-term running-in and improvement to make users satisfied. It is impossible to achieve good results by rushing for success. Accumulation cannot be accelerated. Impetuous managers will condone the top-level design of fake air, and serious managers will gradually build smart cities and put an end to flashy trends.
Party B causes problems with the top-level design
The difficulty of landing the top-level design reflects the fact that Party B’s design ideas are divorced from reality. Designers use their own values ​​instead of Party A’s values ​​to design and fail to understand the real needs of various stakeholders.
3.1 Designers lack user values
The top-level design is closely related to the designer's thinking method. The designer needs to be clear that the evaluation criteria of the top-level design is not the standard of the designer but the standard of the user. The designer must learn to evaluate the top-level design based on the user's values. As the saying goes, "Working Do not ask the East is exhausted and there is no success." Designers with IT backgrounds are keen to promote the most advanced technology system designs. It is not clear that the primary task of the top-level design is to solve the economic rationality of the smart city plan. The deviation of the evaluation criteria is the main reason why the top-level design is out of practice.
3.2 Engineers do not understand uncertainty
IT engineers face information engineering problems for a long time. The mode of their thinking is mainly deterministic. The deterministic thinking mode is suitable for specific and stable information engineering. The complexity of smart cities exceeds the field of information engineering. With a lot of uncertainty, the benefits themselves are uncertain, and it is impossible for the top-level design to design a perfect solution to solve all future problems. In the face of an uncertain environment, a rolling, continuous feedback and improved dynamic system should be designed to be flexible. Indirect measures instead of direct treatment of future problems, with the help of incentives and constraints, encourage people to innovate in the face of emerging issues.
3.3 Deviated from the core goal of urban development
The top-level design of smart cities should focus on the core objectives of the users. The core goals should be the maximum value of the users. The resources of the cities should be limited. A top-level design should not try to solve all problems. It must concentrate resources and concentrate on solving the most urgent needs of the city. The problem is that projects should be more effective when they are matched with the core goals. They should not add content that has nothing to do with the core goals. Scattered projects will only distract energy but not add value. The most important role of the top-level design is to organize supporting services centered around the core target. Support and synchronization are the sources of efficiency. The foresight of the top-level design is limited, do not want to complete all tasks at once.
3.4 Ignoring organizational costs impairs operability
The purpose of building a smart city is to increase the efficiency of the city. The efficiency mainly comes from effective organization of various resources. The construction of smart cities is an organizational transformation of the whole society. Information technology is an important tool for organizational transformation, but tools do not equal benefits. Reasonable matching is the source of efficiency. Support includes process transformation, knowledge popularization, and data improvement. These are all important parts of organizational construction and are part of informationization work. These work costs are not low, but they are often used by people. Ignoring, for example, the cost of data compilation is much higher than the cost of data analysis. The lack of top-level designers’ estimates of the organizational costs outside of IT will inevitably increase implementation difficulties.
Establishing long-term assessment mechanism to clean smart market
To change the illusion of the top-level design, we must first change the attitude of all parties eager to seek success. If the government really values ​​the quality of smart city construction, high-quality top-level design will surely emerge in large numbers.
4.1 Lack of long-term assessment mechanism will condone the inferior top-level design
There are some problems in the top-level design that are not terribly terrible. The terrible thing is that there is a soil that breeds slick and top-level designs. The low-quality top-level design exists due to the indulgence of Party A who is eager for quick success. To improve the quality of top-level design, we must change the extensive demand ecosystem, implement long-term evaluation of the benefits of smart cities, and clear the impetuous style of smart city construction. The fancy top-level design will be difficult to survive.
4.2 Long-term benefits must have a long-term assessment mechanism
The lack of effective top-level design tracking and assessment is an important reason for the top-level design to appear. The benefits of smart cities need to be reflected in long-term operation, and the advantages and disadvantages of top-level design need to be tested by practice. It is unrealistic to ask experts to quickly see the problem in the review. The more detailed the project is written, the greater the obscurity of the problem. Some designers often use the over-description of familiar content to cover the intangible content and want to rely on one-off experts. It is neither reasonable nor feasible for the review to ensure quality. Expert review also needs to supplement the long-term review mechanism.
4.3 Long-term Responsibility for Government Decision-Making in Major Smart Cities
A smart city is a long-term business. It takes a long time from decision-making to profit generation. However, the cadre's term is short. If there is no long-term accountability system, it is easy to create a face-saving project that only cares about short-term image. Without long-term inspections, the responsibility of cadres cannot be cultivated. Many major decisions in smart cities have a long-term impact. The long-term accountability mechanism for policy makers will be conducive to the cautiousness of decision-making. This also requires that experts should be responsible for their positions for long-term accountability. The pressure will definitely strengthen the quality of the review and facilitate the elimination of false experts.
4.4 Post-evaluation and timely modification of top-level design
The top-level design needs continuous improvement. The important measure is to establish a post-evaluation system. The top-level design of a smart city can be evaluated once a year. The effect of the implementation must be checked. What are the reasons for not being implemented? What are the areas that are out of the real or the relevant departments refuse to implement? Some of them should be amended in a timely manner. Criticism and penalties should be imposed on the behavior of departments that violate the plan. On the one hand, this can continuously improve the level of top-level design. On the other hand, it can improve the authority of the top-level design itself and become the competent department to guide the scientific development of smart cities. Strong measures.
Top-level design changes the way of thinking
The advantages and disadvantages of top-level design are not theoretical but practical. Designers must pursue the value objectives of users and must be prepared to accept long-term tests of practice.
5.1 Long-term design of top-level design is an inevitable trend
The long-term responsibility system of the top-level design must be the measure that the future smart city construction must take. There is no long-term pressure on the top-level design. The quality of the top-level design cannot be guaranteed. There is no continuous post-assessment review and revision, and the top-level design cannot be accumulated without wisdom. The construction of extensive smart cities will not last forever. When the top-level design must face the re-examination with practical results, it is not enough to pass through. The designer must produce truly effective design results to pass.
5.2 Beyond IT Thinking and Learn User Values
Top-level designers of IT origins need to learn the values ​​of users. The top-level design is first of all an economic problem. The value and cost of the smart city are the value and cost of the user rather than the value and cost of the developer. The developer must learn to understand the values ​​of the user and the various stakeholders, and jump out of their customary IT. Logic and aesthetics, users will not evaluate the top-level design according to the IT concept. They will only evaluate the system according to their needs. The top-level design is a product that balances the needs of various stakeholders. The ability to understand user values ​​determines the level of top-level design.
5.3 The top-level design content will be less successful
At present, the common problems of top-level design are many and complex, and the scope involved in a wide range of details will surely be lost, which will make smart cities lose their individuality. Each city will have its own key tasks. The top-level design should help the city focus its efforts on solving the city's key issues rather than all aspects. The government’s energy and financial resources are limited. The top-level design cannot focus much on it. It is inevitable that many of them cannot control it.
Top-level design cannot be too detailed, because smart cities face too many uncertainties, and overly detailed design itself is unreasonable. Premature attention to details will inevitably affect the depth of strategic thinking. Too many details will limit the performer's handling of new ones. The degree of freedom of the problem increases the difficulty of system implementation and operation.
5.4 Design and share long-term responsibility with users
The top-level design cannot be closed-door design. It is difficult for designers of IT origins to fully understand the values ​​of Party A and users. Co-design can better combine information technology and user goals to create more operational system.
The jointly completed top-level design is easy for users to accept and implement. People have instinctive resistance to systems that exclude themselves. Only common participation can eliminate this resistance.
The top-level design of an excellent smart city is a product of continuous reflection, constant inspection, and constant revision. Only the long-term responsibility of designers and users can promote continuous improvement and continuous optimization of top-level design, thus playing an important role in the construction of smart cities.
The article was originally published in Hu Xiaoming