Classification and structure of collectors

Collectors are divided into two broad categories according to their degree of dissociation in water: non-ionic collectors and ionic collectors.

Nonionic collectors are mainly non-polar hydrocarbon oils and insoluble esters. The former is a non-polar substance, mainly used for sorting non-polar minerals, such as coal , graphite, etc., and can also be used as an auxiliary collector for certain polar minerals. The latter for sorting heavy metal sulfide ores.

There are generally two genes in the molecular structure of the ionic collector: polar groups and non-polar groups. The polar group can actively interact with the mineral surface to immobilize the collector to the mineral surface; the non-polar group acts as a hydrophobic. Therefore, such collectors are also called heteropolar or bipolar agents. The non-polar group of the ionic collector is a hydrocarbon group. The internal bond of the hydrocarbon group is strong, the surface is a weak molecular bond, and does not substantially interact with water molecules, so ions containing a non-polar group are called hydrophobic ions. A group capable of interacting with minerals in a hydrophobic ion is called a hydrophilic group. The hydrophobicity of the collector depends on the structure and length of the hydrocarbon group in the hydrophobic ion, while the anchor strength and selectivity of the collector to the mineral surface depend on the nature of the hydrophilic group. Taking butyl xanthate as an example, its molecular structure and composition are as follows:

Such collectors can be dissociated into ions in water, and their hydrophobic ions may be anions or cations, which can be divided into two categories: if the hydrophobic ion is an anion, it is called an anion collector; otherwise, it is called a cation trap. Collecting agent. The anionic collectors can be further divided into two categories according to the composition and structure of the hydrophilic groups:

1 å·¯ base collector, also known as thio compound collector, the most typical is xanthate, black medicine. These collectors contain divalent sulfur in the hydrophilic group and are often used as collectors for sulfide ore. For example, the black drug consists of two hydrocarbon groups and a hydrophilic group, and the (RO)2PSS- is used for the collection.

2 Hydrocarbon acid and soap collector, the hydrophilic group of the collector is a carboxyl group, a sulfate group, a sulfonic acid group, a hydroxamic acid group or a decanoic acid group, etc., and is often used as a collector for oxidized ore.

Currently used cationic collectors are mainly fatty amines. Its hydrophobic ion is a cation (RNH3+), and in some cases the amine molecule plays a trapping role. Such collector mainly used for sorting anionic collector little effect silicate, aluminum oxide, silicates, and certain minerals.

Collectors may also be sub-classified according to the type of dressing material. Usually divided into non-polar mineral collectors, sulfide mineral collectors and oxidized mineral collectors.

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