Battery cathode material: escorting new energy vehicles

The first feature is system diversity. The current battery cathode materials mainly include lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, nickel-cobalt-manganese-manganate and nickel-cobalt binary material systems. Different material systems have their own characteristics and have their own application fields and market demands.

Lithium iron phosphate battery pack

Lithium manganate system has the characteristics of low cost, high platform, and excellent safety performance, and it has a large share in replacing lead-acid batteries and low-speed logistics vehicles. However, this material has a low volumetric specific capacity and poor high-temperature circulation, which results in its limited use in commercial vehicles, logistics vehicles and other applications.

Lithium iron phosphate is currently used in the Chinese market more power battery materials. The high safety and cycle stability of this kind of material make it occupy a certain position in application fields such as commercial vehicles and special vehicles.

The lithium nickel-cobalt-manganate and nickel-cobalt binary materials have increased in proportion in the power market in recent years. The hot Tesla electric car opened a new era of three yuan electric car. Based on the constant pursuit of volumetric energy, more and more electric logistics vehicles and passenger vehicles choose to use such materials.

Personalization of demand is the second feature of the battery cathode material. At the initial stage of market development, new energy vehicles are in full bloom, and the requirements for power batteries and materials are also different. At present, there are a variety of power battery products such as soft packs, aluminum shells, and cylindrical columns. The performance requirements of each system and its application requirements in each battery plant are also not the same. Automobile manufacturers focus on the differences between the battery management system and the application environment, and there are also great differences in battery performance requirements. For example, some manufacturers are more demanding on the high-temperature cycling of batteries, and some manufacturers are more concerned about the low-temperature cycle life, and some manufacturers are more concerned about fast charge performance.

Many changes in the market is the third feature of the battery cathode material. In 2016, the "encounter" of Sanyuan Battery was ups and downs, sometimes negated and sought after. For the first time, the new subsidy policy puts forward battery energy density as a reference indicator in product technical requirements, and the ternary material can be “lifted”. In the direction of higher energy density, high-nickel ternary materials will undoubtedly become a hot spot for R&D and industrialization in the near future.

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The new energy automotive industry will start its development from 2012 to 2015, and will adjust and develop from 2016 to 2017. It is expected that it will develop rapidly after 2018, and the application and development of power battery cathode materials will attract more attention in the future. In general, the future development of power battery cathode materials has the following characteristics.

The first is the clarification of goals. Every successful energy change in the history of mankind has a clear main line of logic, that is, an order of magnitude increase in energy density. If coal is 160 times higher than firewood, oil is twice as high as coal. New energy can only subvert traditional energy sources if it has the advantage of rolling compactness in terms of energy density. Since 2015, the country has gradually standardized the new energy automotive industry. In October 2016, the “Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicle Technology Roadmap” was published, setting clear goals and requirements for the power battery energy density and cost. Under the premise of ensuring safety performance, it is an objective demand for consumers to realize energy density improvement and shorter charging time of the power battery. Therefore, optimization and technical improvement of the positive electrode material of the power battery are of utmost importance.

Followed by diversification of routes. The new energy vehicle subsidy program announced at the end of 2016 proposes that the subsidy is linked to the volumetric energy ratio and indirectly leads to the upgrading of the material system. The NMC ternary material with the volume-specific capacity advantage has become a hotspot of industrialization. At present, the power battery materials fail to meet the energy battery density requirement of 300 wh/kg in 2020. The state subsidies are actively encouraging the development of new batteries. The hot nickel ternary batteries are hot, and the long-term development of solid-state batteries in the electric vehicle industry is being targeted. Fuel cell that is regarded as the ultimate goal of new energy vehicles... The global research on power materials is in full swing, and it is still unknown whether the new energy market will rise or fall in the future.

The third is the refinement of the process. Tesla, an electric vehicle leader, has caused frequent fire accidents in recent years, and the safety of power batteries has caused concern in the industry. As a result, higher standards for cathode materials R&D, technology, and production standards have also been raised. On the one hand, it is necessary to comprehensively improve the level of production of smart manufacturing, improve product qualification rate and consistency, control self-discharge problems caused by magnetic materials of materials, etc.; on the other hand, the informatization and intelligence of R&D technologies need to be further improved, and R&D effective. Sex, avoid detours.

The energy battery of new energy vehicles has extremely high requirements in terms of cruising range, fast charging, cost, safety, and longevity. It requires China's power cathode material companies to fully consider the industrial chain and ensure that the development, design, verification, and manufacturing of materials are satisfied. The new energy vehicle power market continues to develop and apply. In the capacity planning of nearly 100,000 tons/year before 2020 of Hunan Shanshan Energy, which is currently the world's largest cathode material production and sales scale, the capacity planning for lithium nickel-cobalt-manganate and nickel-cobalt binary materials accounts for 70%. Hunan Shanshan Energy will carry out product research and development from two routes, on the one hand, it will develop in the direction of high-nickel triads, and on the other hand, it will conduct research on the nickel high voltage triad.

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