China's scientific and technological progress contribution rate increased by 4%

China's scientific and technological progress contribution rate increased by 4%

Magical seeds, high-horsepower agricultural machinery, photovoltaic agriculture, Xingchuang Tiandi, a series of agricultural science and technology innovations, rural entrepreneurship physical or graphic exhibitions attracted the attention of visitors at the national “Twelfth Five-Year” scientific and technological innovation exhibition held recently. . Since the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", the contribution rate of China's agricultural science and technology progress has increased from 52% to 56%, land output rate, resource utilization rate, and labor productivity have increased significantly. Modern seed industry, agricultural machinery and equipment, smart agriculture, and rural entrepreneurship have made great strides. progress.

Seed farm machine

Basic technology is more powerful

"Standing in front of the giants, I feel the power of the agricultural machinery." The audience sighed with the Dongfanghong LW4004 stepless variable-speed heavy-duty wheeled tractor, which is the first 400-horsepower continuously variable-speed tractor independently developed by China. Key technologies for heavy-duty tractors such as variable speed drive trains and intelligent controls. Zhao Yishui, chairman of China Yituo Group Co., Ltd., said that this technology has filled a number of domestic technology gaps and can achieve continuous speed control throughout the entire process, which has effectively promoted the technological progress of China's agricultural machinery industry.

Not far away is a radar speed measuring electric drive high-speed air suction precision seeding machine. “The seeding rate is more than 99%. Each seed meter and fertilizer device are controlled separately. The seeding quality is detected. Because the seeding rate can be automatically adjusted, it can save 10% to 20% of seeds and fertilizers.” The staff said that This is a series of planter developed by Beijing Debon Dawei Technology Co., Ltd., which can be planted in the field of protective tillage straw returning to the field or rotary tillage, and planted on the ridge after ploughing the straw to the field. The process of deep application of chemical fertilizer, seedling finishing, sowing ditching, single seeding, and extrusion covering can be completed at one time.

According to the data of the Ministry of Agriculture, the equipment structure of the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” has been significantly optimized, and the technological innovation of agricultural machinery has taken new steps. The holding capacity of large and medium-sized tractors, combine harvesters and rice transplanters is 1.53 times and 1.75 times respectively at the end of the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan”. And 2.1 times, the proportion of high-performance machines continues to increase. And energy-saving equipment has made major breakthroughs in R&D and manufacturing. The agricultural machinery products are mainly expanded from the cultivation and collection links to the pre-production, post-production and post-production links.

If the agricultural machinery is the materialization of agricultural science and technology, the seed is the jewel in the crown of agricultural science and technology. At the exhibition site, two seed displays were impressive. One group is the “seed world”, which consists of several seed bottles containing seeds of different crop varieties. These seeds are all provided by Beijing Zhongguancun [0.12% Fund Research] Agricultural Biotechnology Industry Alliance and the top 20 domestic seed industry. The other is the Chinese Super Hybrid Rice Show. Deng Huafeng, a researcher at the Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, told the visitors that the two-line hybrid rice has been planted more than 700 million mu, with an increase of nearly 40 billion yuan.

Zhang Yanqiu, director of the Seed Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that the number of applications for new varieties of protection in China has reached a record high, and it is now ranked second in the world. The “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” applies for 1,450 new varieties of protection per year, an average annual increase of 52% compared with the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan”. With the innovation and development of seed industry, the market share of foreign varieties showed a downward trend. Rice, wheat, soybean and rapeseed were all self-selected varieties, the localization rate of transgenic cotton varieties was over 95%, and vegetables were selected more than 87%. Maize independent breeding varieties accounted for more than 85%.

Seed enterprises have become the mainstay of seed industry innovation. In 2015, the market concentration of the top 10 and top 50 enterprises was 18% and 35% respectively, which was 3 and 5 percentage points higher than that in 2011. The current seed industry innovation has moved from conventional breeding, which relies mainly on experience, to the modern breeding era supported by big data. The next stage of application of molecular breeding technology will promote the commercialization breeding system to usher in the opportunity of upgrading and development.

Photovoltaic agriculture

Smart agriculture is upgraded

The 2-meter-high vegetable greenhouse is not unusual, but the 6-meter-high photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse with solar panels on the roof has not been seen by many people. At the exhibition site, the photovoltaic agricultural display of Qingdao Changsheng Nidec Solar Technology Co., Ltd. attracted people to stop.

“Site-top power generation, under-shed planting”, photovoltaic agriculture combines solar power generation, modern planting and farming, and facility agriculture. On the one hand, solar photovoltaic systems can use farmland to directly generate electricity at low cost; on the other hand, the main light source needed for animal and plant growth Can penetrate the greenhouse. In the 6-meter-high greenhouse, 2 to 4 layers of cultivation can be realized, and the three-dimensional agriculture can be developed by using facilities such as ventilation, lighting, and supplemental lighting.

Researchers at the Vegetable and Flower Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences told reporters that ordinary vegetable greenhouses are only about 2 meters high, while photovoltaic agricultural greenhouses are as high as 6 meters. "The battery panels on the top of the shed will not rob the vegetables in the greenhouse. The vegetables need gentle oblique sunlight. This shed wall has good light transmission and meets the requirements. The battery panels on the roof are blocked. It is mainly pungent and direct sunlight, which acts as a shade for vegetables. According to different light-recognition requirements, fungi and bud crops are in the lower layer, and fruit, stem and leaf crops are in the upper middle layer, such an acre greenhouse. The output value of three or four acres of land can be easily produced.

When it comes to photovoltaic agriculture, Sun Yuntang’s story is very representative. Sun Yuntang, a 60-year-old farmer from Jimo, Shandong, owns more than 10 acres of farmland. Before the construction of the 9000-acre photovoltaic agricultural park, he planted nothing more than wheat, peanuts and corn, with an annual income of only 20,000 yuan. In 2011, the photovoltaic agricultural park was completed. He became an industrial worker in the park and earned annual income from processing of land transfer income. After the start of the photovoltaic agriculture maker project last year, he contracted the greenhouse and was responsible for the management of the 6-acre greenhouse. His photovoltaic greenhouses are special vegetables such as Tiankui and Tianqi. They are operated according to the company's standards and currently have an annual income of 60,000 to 80,000 yuan.

“At present, about 100 photovoltaic agricultural parks have been built in more than 20 provinces and cities nationwide, covering an area of ​​100,000 mu.” At the exhibition site, Mo Xiaoyu, manager of Changsheng NEC, introduced the company to park, platform and create The realization of photovoltaic agricultural park operation and the construction of photovoltaic agricultural industry complex have developed 5 generations of more than 20 types of sheds, which can be configured according to the different needs of different regions, different crops, livestock and fishery for light and temperature. The combination of photovoltaic power generation with agricultural cultivation, animal husbandry and fish farming. In addition, the company has also built a poverty alleviation pilot program for photovoltaic agriculture parks and the first photovoltaic farmer creation space in China, providing platform services for entrepreneurs such as college students and returning migrant workers.

China's agricultural greenhouses are in the world. In addition to simple equipment such as small arch sheds, solar greenhouses and plastic greenhouses cover more than 2 million hectares and are valuable photovoltaic power generation resources. Since agricultural greenhouses are often connected into pieces, photovoltaic agriculture has the conditions of distributed generation and grid connection. At present, the combination of agricultural and photovoltaic technologies such as closed photovoltaic planting greenhouses, photovoltaic aquaculture greenhouses, fishing light complementary power stations and photovoltaic power plants ecological farming has been implemented in many places in China and achieved good application results.

Xing Chuang Tian Di

Rural entrepreneurship is more convenient

At the exhibition site, more than 10 panels showcased a variety of stars and creations to attract people to stop. Among them, Weinan farmer star is popular in the world. Ou Min, a staff member of the Science and Technology Commission of Weinan District, Chongqing, said that the farms in Weinan include Xingchuang Science, Xingchuang Home, and Xingchuang Online. Xingchuang Science and Technology Co., Ltd. includes the Science and Technology Exhibition Hall, the Vegetable Expo Park, and the factory-based nursery base. It not only displays scientific and technological achievements, but also conducts introduction experiments and demonstration of results. The 1,000-square-meter Xingchuang House can complete industrial and commercial registration, legal consultation, and taxation. One-stop service for registration and other aspects; Xingchuang Online is responsible for creative publishing online communication, e-commerce, online evaluation and so on.

Log in to the Weinan farm website, such as Xingchuang Technology, Xingchuang Policy, Xingchuang Resources, Xingchuang Tutor, etc. The central area shows “67% of unconverted technology and 33% of transformed technology”. As a member of the farmhouse in Weinan, the story of the college student Maker Mi Chun also appeared on the website page. In July 2011, Mi Chun graduated from Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, and could have occupied a place in the big city. However, in the Spring Festival of 2014, I saw the ridiculous land of my hometown, and the old and weak women who stayed behind had nothing to do. Thoughts. In 2014, he registered and established his own Xiaochun Xiaochun family farm. At the same time, he subcontracted 100 mu of land to form a chain of picking and supply, sightseeing and tourism, which led the villagers to get rich together.

The farmer's family in southern Fujian has promoted the integration and development of the local rural one, two and three industries. Up to now, the core area has created 10,000 mu of Xingchuang Farm, with radiation driving around 100,000 mu, family farms, agricultural planting and processing service enterprises reaching 100, and vegetables, roses and other bases attracting 100,000 tourists. Last year, the Weinan Farmhouse Platform helped Huida Lemon Company to export 30 tons of lemon fruit to Kazakhstan. This year there will be 10,000 tons of lemon fruit exported.

Xing Chuang Tiandi is more than a farmer in Weinan. The watercolor space Xing Chuangtian is based on the construction of 20,000 mu of Chongqing Liangping Modern Fisheries Science and Technology Park as the carrier of innovation and entrepreneurship, the construction of Chongqing Aquatic Industry Development Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center, and the construction of a large aquatic science and technology park in the western region; the seedling Yungang Xingchuang World is “ An innovative entrepreneurial service platform for Internet-specific plant seedlings. There are 23 entrepreneurial tutors, guiding hundreds of makers to successfully start a business, and cultivating 10 entities to realize entrepreneurial incubation; Jiangxi Xinyu National Agricultural Science and Technology Park is positioned as a “scientist broker” and “scientific research technology pilot industrialization” The model of investing in business incubation accelerates the transformation of high-tech agricultural technology.

“There are more than 10 different Star Creations on this exhibition. This is the rural version of the creation space created by the Ministry of Science and Technology.” The relevant person in charge of the Rural Department of the Ministry of Science and Technology said that Xingchuang Tiandi is a creative space in the agricultural and rural fields. The use of offline incubator carriers and online network platforms to promote low-cost, facilitation and informatization of rural innovation and entrepreneurship is an active exploration of implementing innovation-driven development strategies in counties. Xing Chuang Tian Di is a combination of science and technology commissioner system to create a professional, social and convenient rural technology entrepreneurship environment, reduce the threshold and risk of innovation and entrepreneurship, and drive more farmers to become rich.

In 2015, the first batch of “Xingchuang Tiandi” pilots was launched in Chongqing by the Rural Department of the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Commission. The pilot identified 10 pilots such as “Western Caidu Xingtiantian” in Weinan, “Maoshanshe Xingtiandi” in Lushan, and “Miaoyun Yungang Xingtiantian” in Yongchuan, and proposed hardware infrastructure and online network platform. The construction content of the four aspects of the entrepreneurship counseling system. At present, the Ministry of Science and Technology has carried out pilot projects in 20 places including Chongqing, Shaanxi and Sichuan to build a professional service platform for returning migrant workers, university students, science and technology commissioners and start-up enterprises. (Original title: China's agricultural science and technology progress contribution rate increased to 56%, the light of innovation shines vastly)