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At the maintenance site, the following often occurs: due to insufficient knowledge of the machine data and its effects, the data can be modified at will, so that the machine tool can not perform its proper function or failure; some users do not know the method of protecting the machine data, resulting in machine data Lost, causing the machine to malfunction. Such as a VTC-20B three-axis machining center, the zero parameter of the tool magazine is lost, the magazine indexing position is inaccurate, and a collision accident occurs during automatic machining.
Because different data protection methods of different numerical control systems are different, this paper takes the SINUMERIK 802D numerical control system as an example to analyze the function and protection methods of its machine data. The protection of machine data is as follows:
The protection of the machine data is related to the memory and storage location of the machine data, the starting method and method of the numerical control system, and the backup method of the machine data.
(1) Machine data storage: In the SINUMERIK 802D system, there are two kinds of static storage SRAM and high-speed flash FLASHROM memory: Static memory area to store working data (data can be modified), high-speed flash area to store fixed data, usually as a data backup area, factory Data area, PLC sequence, text area, etc., and storage system program.
The data contents in the work data area include: machine data, tool data, zero offset, setting data, pitch compensation, R parameters, part programs, and canned cycles. It is an indispensable data for supporting system work. The data content in the backup data area is the system that copies the entire contents of the working data area to the backup data area after the data storage operation, and is a protection for the data in the working data area. The factory data area is the standard data of the CNC system at the factory (the default value of the machine data). With this data only, the system cannot normally support the work of a CNC machine tool. The PLC sequence and text are stored in the system's built-in S7-200 PLC program and PLC user alarm texts.
(2) Starting method and starting mode of SINUMERIK 802D system: The system startup method is divided into cold start and hot start. Cold start is a method of directly adding DC24V power to the system. Hot start is the method of restarting the system after the system has started running.
Both cold start and warm start have the following three start modes: Mode 0 (normal power on), Mode 1 (default power on), and Mode 3 (power on based on stored data). The three startup modes for cold start are selected by the S1 mode selection switch on the system. The three startup modes for hot start are selected through the system soft keys.
1 Mode 0 start (normal power on). That is to start the data in the static memory area. When the system is powered on normally, the system detects the static memory. When the static memory is found to be powered off, if the internal data is backed up, the system automatically starts the backup data after loading the working data area. If the internal data is not backed up, the system will leave the factory. The data in the data area is written after the working data area is written.
2 Mode 1 start (default power on). Starting with the SIEMENS factory data, the manufacturer's machine data is overwritten. At start-up, the factory data is written after it is written into the working data area of ​​the static memory. After startup, 04560 has been loaded with the standard machine data alarm, and the alarm can be cleared after reset.
3 Mode 3 starts (starts by powering on the stored data). Start with the backup data in flash memory FLASHROM. At startup, the backup data is written after it is written into the working data area of ​​the static memory. After startup, 04062 has been loaded with the backup data alarm, and the alarm can be cleared after reset.
(3) Data protection method of SINUMERIK 802D system: Machine data is stored in static memory SRAM and high-speed flash memory FLASHROM memory. The data of the high-speed flash FLASHROM memory is not required to maintain the voltage. Only when the data is exchanged, the voltage is needed; the data of the static memory SRAM needs the voltage to be maintained. When the system is powered on, the voltage is provided by the system and the system is powered off. The voltage on the high-capacitance capacitor C is maintained, and it can maintain the data for not less than 50 hours (usually about 7 days) in case of power failure. If the machine is not powered for a long time, data in the SRAM area will be lost. When it is re-powered, the system will automatically call the machine data stored in the backup data area (mode 3 start) during the start-up process according to the voltage of the capacitor C. If no data storage is performed, the system will automatically call the factory during the start-up process. Data in the data area (mode 1 started).
The system work is based on static memory SRAM data, we usually modify the machine data and parts processing programs are in the SRAM area, if the SRAM area data is not backed up (data protection) is not safe, SRAM area The data in it may be lost. In order to ensure the normal operation of CNC machine tools, it is very important to protect the data in the working data area.
Data protection is divided into two types: internal storage and off-board storage. The internal memory stores the useful data that has been modified in the static memory SRAM area and stores it in the backup data area of ​​the high-speed flash memory FLASHROM. The external memory stores the data in the static memory SRAM area and is transmitted to the computer through the RS232 serial port.
The internal storage can be completed by simply pressing the system soft key to perform data backup. It is a convenient and fast data protection method that does not require any other tools. However, because the data is backed up in the system, if the system cannot be started, the backed up data will not work. In order to prevent various accidents, off-machine storage methods can be used.
Offboard storage data is divided into two series backup and partition backup. Series backup is to transfer all data of the system in a certain sequence and back up and contain some operation instructions (such as initializing the system, restarting the system, etc.). The data includes: machine data, setting data, R parameters, tool parameters, zero offset Shift, pitch error compensation value, user alarm text, PLC user program, part machining program, canned cycle. The advantage is that the backup is convenient, just save and save a file. However, it contains some special instructions that cannot be commonly used in different versions of the system.
Partition backup is the classification of various data in the system for transmission backup. Which can be divided into four categories, each type can be transmitted backup. The advantage is that the backed up files are not versioned and can be used universally for manufacturers' convenience. However, there are many backup files. If the backup is not complete, the system cannot be completely restored.
The bed data is the medium for matching the CNC system with the machine tool and servo drive. It is the key to whether the CNC machine tool can exert its working performance. It is very important to understand the function and protection method of the machine data, and it is a prerequisite to ensure the normal operation of the CNC machine tool.
Research on Machine Data Protection Method Based on Siemens 802 Series CNC System
The machine data is all relevant data that adapts a numerical control system to a specific set of machine tools. The machine data is set when the CNC machine is shipped from the factory, and when it is installed and adjusted, it will be adjusted according to the specific conditions of the work site. After adjustment, how to protect the machine data becomes a very important issue.