What is squeeze blasting? What are the characteristics? What are the characteristics of multi-row hole extrusion blasting in open pit mines?

Extrusion blasting is also called blasting. If the ore that was blasted last time is released or installed, the next blast will be carried out. After the next blasting, the blasted rock will move forward in the direction of the free surface. The blockage of the pile creates a squeeze. The characteristics of this blasting method are:
First, improve the utilization rate of blasting energy, improve the quality of rock crushing, and collide with the rock during the extrusion process, reducing the workload of secondary crushing.
Second, reduce non-production time, improve working hours utilization, increase the amount of blasting ore, and reduce the blasting frequency.
In the open-air step blasting, multi-row ore extrusion blasting has the following advantages:
(1) It adopts large-scale mechanical loading, and is not afraid of excessive extrusion. As long as the crushing is uniform and the block is appropriate, the loading efficiency is not affected. Some mines use extrusion blasting, the number of blasting rows is large, the amount of blasting is large, and the rock only undergoes micro-motion after blasting, and the compensation coefficient is only 5% to 10%. It greatly reduces the downtime waiting for blasting, as well as the workload of transferring and protecting equipment and buildings.
(2) There is no limitation of the compensation space for the open-air step blasting. The large blasting area and the large number of deep holes are conducive to rationally arranging the deep holes, and try to make use of the mutual squeezing action of the blasting blocks between the rows and the rows.
(3) Excessive extrusion is often used in extrusion blasting in open-air steps. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately increase the consumption of explosive units and strengthen radial cracks and extrusion.
(4) Open-pit squeezing Blasting There are two types of ore (rock) used for extrusion. One is to leave a loose blasting block on the free surface; the other is to use a boring hole to first blow out a row of holes. Broken area.
In the case of differential blasting of open-air steps, special attention should be paid to the influence of the thickness and height of the blasting on the blasting quality.
When the height of the step is about 15m, if the excavator is used for 3~4m 3 , the height should not exceed 20m. If the step height is greater than 20m and the shovel equipment capacity is small, the stack thickness should be minimized. Extrusion blasting is generally considered to be used in lower step blasting. As shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of extrusion blasting in open pit mine
B-remaining thickness; W-resistance line; R-resistance line and thickness; S-leave blasting blasting pile

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