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Table 2 Industrial test indicators of XMZ300/1200-35 automatic box filter press (treatment of fine iron concentrate) 
Selection and calculation of filters and their accessories
First, the filter
Commonly used filter beneficiation plant vacuum filter apparatus. In recent years, in order to solve the problem of fine-grained and high-viscosity concentrate dewatering, a filter press has also been applied. There are three types of vacuum filters: cartridge filters (internal filter, external filter, folding tape, permanent magnet filter, etc.), disc filter sputum and flat filter (carousel, belt, etc.). The filter press has intermittent operation, continuous operation filter press and belt filter press.
The cylindrical inner filter vacuum filter is suitable for processing materials with coarser particle size (but not too thick, -0.074mm should be greater than 50%), high density and fast sedimentation speed. Commonly used for iron concentrate filtration.
The cylindrical external filter vacuum filter and the folding belt filter are suitable for processing materials with fine particle size, small sedimentation speed, and low filter cake moisture. The latter is more adaptable to fine-viscous materials, and its filter cake moisture is lower than that of ordinary external filter filters.
The cylindrical outer filter permanent magnet filter is a high efficiency filter specially designed for filtering coarse magnet concentrate. The processing capacity per unit area is very high, and can reach 3t/(m 2 ·h) in the case of a concentrate particle size of 0.8~0mm. The moisture content of the filter cake is slightly higher than that of a general cylindrical filter.
The disc filter has a large filtering area and a small floor area, and is suitable for processing materials having a fine particle size and a small sedimentation speed. The filter cake has a slightly higher moisture than the cylindrical outer filter. Disc Filter abroad black, non-ferrous metals concentrator, choose coal plants have been widely used, currently used for domestic non-ferrous metal processing plant and coal preparation plant.
Rotary type and belt filter are suitable for processing materials with high grain size, high density and high concentration of ore.
The filter press is suitable for handling finely viscous materials that are difficult to handle with vacuum filters. In recent years, many new filter presses have been developed at home and abroad, such as the Larox PF automatic filter press in Finland (vertical), the Swedish SalaVPA automatic filter press, the US Verti-Press automatic filter press and the Qsprety belt filter press. Domestic press treatment of copper concentrates in some models, nickel ore, iron ore fines to achieve better results (see Table 1 and Table 2).
Table 1 ZYL-1-15 automatic plate and frame filter press and external filter vacuum filter (treatment of copper concentrate)
External filter vacuum filter
Filter press
Remarks
Handling capacity / kg · m -2 · h -1
Filter cake moisture /%
Handling capacity / kg · m -2 · h -1
Filter cake moisture /%
66.65
18.43
132.31
13.32
The ore has a high oxidation rate, a large amount of mud, and a fine copper concentrate.
model
Feed concentration /%
Feeding particle size / μm
Filter cake moisture /%
Handling capacity /km·m -2 ·h -1
XMZ300/1200-35
40
5~8
18
25
Filter number calculation:
Where n - the number of machines calculated by the filter;
q - need to filter the amount of dry concentrate, t / h;
A - the filtration area of ​​each filter, m 2 ;
q o ——The processing capacity per unit area of ​​the filter, t/(m 2 ,h), generally should be directly obtained from industrial test and semi-industrial test, or calculated according to the test result of the filtration; if there is no test, refer to the actual indicator or table of similar factory ore. 3 select.
Table 3 filter unit area processing amount q o value
Filter material
Qo/t·m -2 ·h -1
Remarks
Filter material
q o /t·m -2 ·h -1
Remarks
Fine sulfide, zinc oxide, lead
Olefin ore concentrate, concentrate for vulcanization
0.1~0.2
Concentrate
0.1~0.15
When the particle size is very high, the antimony concentrate
0.1~0.2
Lead sulfide concentrate
0.15~0.20
Take a small value
Manganese concentrate
1.0
Zinc sulfide concentrate
0.20~0.25
Fluorite concentrate
0.1~0.15
Copper sulfide concentrate
0.1~0.2
Magnet concentrate
1.0~1.2
Particle size 0.2~0mm
Copper oxide, nickel oxide concentrate
0.05~0.1
Magnet concentrate
0.8~1.0
Particle size 0.12~0mm
Pyrite concentrate
0.2~0.5
Roasting magnetic separation concentrate
0.65~0.75
Nickel sulfide concentrate
0.1~0.2
Flotation of hematite concentrate
0.2~0.3
Particle size 0.1~0mm
Phosphate concentrate
0.4~0.5
Magnetic flotation mixed concentrate
0.4~0.6
Copper-bearing pyrite concentrate
0.25~0.3
Second, vacuum filter auxiliary equipment
A vacuum pump
The vacuum pumps used in the concentrator mainly include water ring type, plunger type and water jet pumps. The form and specifications are mainly based on the vacuum degree and pumping capacity required by the filter (can be selected according to Table 4) to select the performance and characteristics of the vacuum pump. .
Table 4 Pumping capacity required per unit area of ​​vacuum filter
Concentrate type
Vacuum gauge pressure / kPa
Pumping capacity / m 3 ·m -2 ·min -1
Magnetically selected iron concentrate
55~80
0.6~1.2
Flotation concentrate
65~80
0.8~1.5
Note: The amount of pumping is calculated according to the nominal pumping amount of the vacuum pump, that is, the pumping amount with zero pressure.
Water ring vacuum pumps are the most commonly used vacuum pumps in filtration systems. Domestic equipment has two series of SK type (double acting) and SZ type (single acting). Compared with the SZ type, the SK type has a large amount of pumping (and when the degree of vacuum is increased, the amount of pumping is reduced less), the efficiency is higher, and the energy consumption is lower. The disadvantage is that the structure of the device is complicated, and the ultimate vacuum is not as high as the SZ type. At present, new type of concentrator uses SK type vacuum pump.
The advantages of the plunger type vacuum pump are that the pumping capacity is large, the vacuum degree is high, and the power consumption is small; the disadvantage is that the equipment is cumbersome, the maintenance is complicated, and the operation must strictly control the mineral liquid not to enter the pump body, and has been used less frequently in the concentrator.
The water jet pump is a jet-type vacuum pump that has been used in mineral processing plants in recent years. Its advantages are simple structure, no moving parts, low maintenance and low energy consumption. The disadvantage is that the nozzle is easy to block and needs to be matched with pumps and water tanks. use. Water jet pumps have been used in some concentrators.
B blower
The air volume and wind pressure required for the vacuum filter that removes the filter cake by blowing. The continuous blown discharge filter requires low wind pressure and large air volume, and the leaf blower is often used. The instantaneous blown discharge filter requires high wind pressure, and the SZ type water ring compressor can be selected. Other shaped multi-blower fans are also available depending on air volume and wind pressure requirements.
In recent years, some concentrators have used the exhaust gas from the water ring vacuum pump to blow off the filter cake, thus eliminating the blower, and the solid surface is “one machine and two usesâ€. However, the vacuum pump discharge pressure should be sufficient, and water is not allowed in the gas.