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Into the winter, the fog has a lot of interest in China. On December 23, 2016, the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued the "Limits and Measurement Methods for Light-duty Vehicle Pollutants (China's Sixth Stage)" (referred to as "the Sixth Standard for Light-duty Vehicles"). With effect from July 1, 2020, all light vehicles sold and registered shall meet the requirements of limit 6a of this standard. From July 1, 2023, all light vehicles sold and registered shall meet the requirements of 6b of this standard.
According to the regulations of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, heavy-duty diesel vehicles formally implement the national five emission standards on January 1, 2017, and light-duty diesel vehicles will also implement five national standards on January 1, 2018. It can be seen that the emission upgrade is already a top priority for auto companies, and it also brings opportunities and challenges to auto parts companies such as engines, high pressure common rails, and aftertreatment systems.
How to deal with auto parts companies in the face of China Five and Six national emission standards? What are the challenges and opportunities faced by parts and components companies after the acceleration of emission upgrades? To this end, the reporter interviewed experts in the automotive engine industry and related parts and components companies.
The Sixth National Standard tightens the technology upgrade span. "The six standards of the light vehicle country are based on the global technical regulations, introducing the advanced content of European standards and American standards, taking into account China's environmental quality improvement needs, and forming a new independent technical standard. The Liu Bingjiang, director of the Department of Atmospheric Environment Management of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, publicly stated to the media.
On December 28, 2016, Zhang Jianming, director of the technical center of Beijing ASIMCO Tianwei Oil Pump and Grease Co., Ltd., told reporters that compared with the National Five Standards, the six standards for light vehicles should adopt a higher technical route. Liu Bingjiang further stated that only from the limit level, the S6 phase limit is slightly stricter than the European phase 6 emission limit level, which is more stringent than the US Tier 3 emission standard limit; The average limit of 2020 vehicles specified in the United States Tier 3 emission standards. If we take into account the differences in the testing procedures, it can be said that the National Standard for Light Vehicles is one of the most stringent emission standards in the world.
So what models are the six models of the light-duty auto country? Liu Bingjiang said that this standard applies to M1, M2, and N1 vehicles with a maximum total mass of no more than 3500kg. Due to different types of fuel, light vehicles include light gasoline vehicles, light-burning vehicles, light-duty diesel vehicles, and light-duty dual-fuel vehicles.
Diesel-powered light vehicles have always been under pressure to upgrade their emissions. Compared with the National 4th and 4th Five-Year Standards, the six standards for light-duty vehicles have increased in technology. It is reported that the six standards for light-duty vehicles mainly improve the catalyst in catalytic converters and improve the tightness of the fuel system. However, there is still a gap between the overall technical level of China's autos and the international advanced level, and high-end products are still monopolized by foreign companies or joint ventures. Industry insiders have stated that due to the lower emission standards of diesel vehicles in the past, diesel vehicles are more difficult to upgrade than gasoline vehicles.
“The six standards of light vehicle countries have brought great challenges to China’s automobiles, especially diesel vehicles. On December 27, 2016, Yao Chunde, deputy director of the State Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engines of Tianjin University, said in an interview: “The cost of bicycles for vehicles Will greatly improve. Liu Bingjiang estimates that the cost of upgrading a light-duty petrol vehicle will cost about 1,200 yuan, and that of a light-duty diesel vehicle will require about 4,000 yuan.
Automotive fuel supply system upgrade cited challenges <br> <br> country compared to five standard light-duty vehicles Six Nations limit requirements tightened by around 40% to 50%, and according to the principle of neutrality fuel for gasoline and diesel vehicles using the same Limit value requirements. â€
"To meet the standards of diesel vehicles must use high-pressure common rail system, and the gasoline engine must also use direct injection in the cylinder to achieve full combustion." Yao Chunde believes that the implementation of the national standard after the six, the automotive fuel supply system needs to be upgraded, the previous mechanical pump Must switch to high pressure common rail system. Mechanical pumps generally have a maximum injection pressure of only 1600 bar, and the national standard injection pressure must reach 2200 bar or more. “In addition to being able to easily meet injection pressure requirements, the number of injections and the injection accuracy of high-pressure common rail systems are much higher than those of mechanical pumps. This is one of the important factors in the dramatic increase in the cost of diesel vehicle cycling,†said Yao Chunde.
Zhang Jianming told reporters that the increase in combustion pressure is indeed a challenge for China's parts and components companies. Fortunately, ASIMCO Tianwei and other independent high-pressure common rail companies have all carried out technical reserves and product transformations. It is estimated that the corresponding products will be mass-produced one after another in 2019.
In addition, the upgrading of the fuel supply system also brought revolutionary changes to the aftermarket accessory system. Yao Chunde is quite worried about this. He said: "The maintenance of mechanical pumps is easy, but after the high-pressure rails have problems, they are generally not visible. When heavy-duty commercial vehicles implement the National IV standard, they basically use high-pressure common rails. At that time, maintenance has become the engine's most troublesome thing. Light vehicles urgently need to train a group of highly qualified maintenance personnel."
Make full use of the preparation period before the implementation of the policy <br> The national five-emissions standard requires that gasoline vehicles have an average annual volatility of about 8.8kg of oil and gas. The S6 emission standard imposes stringent requirements on the control of gasoline evaporation. At the same time, it requires vehicles to install ORVR on-line recovery devices to increase the refueling process. Oil and gas control. In addition, the S6 emission standard also introduces stringent US OBD control requirements to improve the real-time monitoring capabilities of vehicle emission status and enable timely detection of vehicle emission failures. Yao Chunde explained that after implementing the Sixth National Standard, vehicles must join the OBD system. Once the OBD system finds that the fuel system emissions are not up to standard, the first step will be to reduce the fuel supply. If it is not corrected, the fuel supply will be stopped and the car will not work.
"After experiencing the fourth and fifth national emission upgrades, China's auto companies have the ability to independently develop ECUs. At present, there is no problem with the hardware, but we lack the 'APP'." Yao Chunde believes that China's auto and parts companies are still not With OBD, particle traps and other calibration capabilities. He further explained that it does not mean that we do not have products, but we lack experience in new things. For example, we have noodles, oil and related ingredients, but we will not face it. China's auto and parts companies do not have the experience of responding to the National Sixth Standard. At the beginning, vehicle companies can only purchase from foreign-funded parts and components companies. Yao Chunde told reporters: “Since the sixth year of the country, China’s auto and parts companies have to be a 'student' again, and tuition fees must be paid because they have no time to develop their own team and calibration system.â€
Fortunately, considering the preparation period, introduction period of automobile technology upgrade, and the severe air quality situation in China, the country has finally determined that there will be a preparation period of 4 to 8 years from the date of publication of the Sixth National Standard and the official implementation date. Zhang Jianming told reporters that it is estimated that in the next few years, particle trap calibration and in-cylinder direct injection technologies will make greater progress, although they are mainly foreign-funded enterprises. For example, he said: “When the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued the fifth national emission standard, the pressure on vehicle and auto parts companies is also great, but now it seems that mainstream engine companies are ready to make announcements, emissions, and models.â€
On December 27, 2016, Qin Jian, vice president of marketing for Jiangsu Longxun Technology Co., Ltd., said in an interview with reporters: “The domestic market is still dominated by SCR. After the country’s sixth upgrade, it will definitely bring new growth points to urea companies.†Zhang Jianming also believes that in order to meet the national six emission standards, vehicles must use SCR, DOC, particle traps, direct injection in the cylinder, and turbocharger, and these technologies will also advance rapidly due to emission upgrades. It can be seen that the accelerated escalation of emission standards is, to a certain extent, also pushing China’s automotive technology forward.