Present Situation and Countermeasures of Pollution Prevention and Control of Magnesium Industry in Shanxi Province

Magnesium and its alloys are light metal materials, light metal material is the best material current energy use, material experts as being "green engineering material of the 21st century." Magnesium applications mainly in three areas of aluminum alloy production, die casting, steel desulfurization. Compared with engineering materials such as copper , aluminum and plastic, magnesium alloy has many superior properties and is widely used in various fields such as aerospace, transportation, communication and other industries.

The magnesium industry in Shanxi Province started earlier and is one of the important producing areas of metal magnesium in the country. Shanxi's metal magnesium production accounts for 70% of the country's total output, accounting for about 50% of the world's magnesium production; in 2005, the province's metal magnesium exports amounted to 185,000 tons, accounting for 52% of the country's exports, accounting for about 37% of world trade. %. After nearly 20 years of development, Shanxi Magnesium Industry ranks first in China in terms of number of enterprises, production capacity, output, market share and foreign exchange earning. It has become a growth point for economic development in Shanxi. Shanxi magnesium industry development and to promote the development of coal mining, mining, iron alloy, and transportation and other related industries, to solve the employment problem of transfer of tens of thousands of rural workers, and positive role in promoting regional development pair is beyond doubt the . However, we should be soberly aware that in the high-energy-consumption and high-pollution industries of the magnesium industry, in addition to consuming large amounts of resources, energy and auxiliary materials such as ferrosilicon, the environmental pollution caused by the waste generated in the production process is also quite serious. Its pollution is diversified. If it is not treated in time, it will lead to pollution of the whole system of the atmosphere-soil-water body, which will affect human health, agricultural product quality, environmental safety, etc., and the economic losses caused by it are incalculable. In the face of the environmental pollution caused by the magnesium industry and the serious damage to the ecological environment, coupled with the new environmental pressure brought about by the future economic development, it is necessary to strengthen the investigation of the development status of the magnesium industry, pollution hazard and pollution prevention and other related fields. .

I. Development and pollution status of magnesium industry at home and abroad

There are many countries with magnesium resources in the world (such as the United States, Japan, Russia, etc.), but there are not many countries that can actually produce magnesium. Among them, energy and cost (labor cost, environmental management cost, etc.) are important conditions that restrict the development of magnesium resources. In recent years, under the influence of the rapid growth of magnesium production in Asian countries led by China and the rapid expansion of magnesium product exports, magnesium companies in North America and Europe have had to opt out or significantly reduce magnesium production. Five European countries, including Italy, France, Norway, Ukraine and the former Yugoslavia, have stopped magnesium production, and the United States and Canada have also closed three large magnesium companies. At present, foreign companies are more engaged in magnesium alloys and their deep-processing products, producing high-end products and earning high-end profits. They prefer to import and not produce themselves, so that industries with high energy consumption and heavy pollution will become inevitable trend.

The main method for producing magnesium metal in China before is the Pijiang method, which is closely related to China's rich magnesium resources, energy, excipients and labor prices, and low environmental protection expenditures. In recent years, local governments have vigorously supported the development of magnesium plants in order to develop the local economy. As a result, the production of magnesium in China using the Pijiang method has increased sharply. The output of magnesium metal has soared from 13,200 tons in 1994 to 515,400 tons in 2006. However, the rapid development of China's Pijiang Magnesium smelting still does not break away from the traditional growth model of “mass production, mass consumption, and large amount of waste”. This model leads to low energy use efficiency and low level of comprehensive utilization of resources, with the result that it seriously pollutes the environment. The pollution caused by the protective agents and refining agents used in the magnesium alloy during the smelting process cannot be ignored.

In view of the environmental pollution caused by magnesium industry pollution, governments and enterprises at all levels have begun research on environmental protection, pollution prevention and treatment of magnesium industrial production. On April 18, 2005, the Henan Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau and other departments jointly issued the “Comprehensive Improvement Plan for the Metal Magnesium Industry in Hebi City”. Through comprehensive remediation, all metal magnesium enterprises should achieve pollutant discharge standards, coal piles, ash storage yards, industrial materials. Stacking sites for various materials such as piles and building materials, building standardized dumping bins or adopting dust-proof facilities such as covering, effectively suppressing dust pollution, effectively reducing total air pollution emissions, and improving regional atmospheric environmental quality. The total suspended solids concentration (TSP) is reduced by more than 30%. The “Application of Coal Water Slurry in the Whole Process of Magnesium in Pijiang Process” developed by Weienke (Hebi) Magnesium-based Materials Co., Ltd., first built a coal-water slurry production line with an annual output of 100,000 tons, which has been put into operation. Since the beginning of the year, under the guidance of the scientific concept of development, various metal magnesium production enterprises in Ningxia have begun to pay attention to environmental protection work. Most enterprises have made environmental protection plans. Ningxia Huayuan Metallurgical Industry Co., Ltd. has invested more than 70 million yuan in rotary kiln, The reduction workshop has been effectively managed and basically meets the national emission standards; Ningxia Xinda Magnesium Co., Ltd. has undertaken the research on the key technology development and industrialization of the advanced “Pijiang Method Magnesium”. Shaanxi Yulin Wanyuan Magnesium Group Co., Ltd. pays attention to the adjustment of industrial product structure, pays attention to technological progress and environmental protection, responds to national industrial policies and environmental protection policies, improves the environmental conditions of the valley and reduces environmental pollution, and adopts 4 seats in the production process. The exhaust gas of the coking furnace is used as a fuel to heat the ferrosilicon, which not only reduces the pollution of the flue gas, but also reduces the production cost, and truly realizes the comprehensive reuse of the heat energy.

Second, the development and pollution status of magnesium industry in Shanxi Province

(1) Progress in the prevention and control of magnesium industry pollution in Shanxi Province

In recent years, the Shanxi Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government have attached great importance to environmental protection and listed environmental protection as an important part of the province's economic and social development. In order to give full play to the guiding role of environmental protection in industrial restructuring, the relevant departments and units in Shanxi Province have done a lot of work: 1 A series of policies and regulations on environmental protection have been introduced, and investment in environmental protection and governance has been increased. The province's key metallurgical enterprises have invested more than 3 billion yuan in environmental protection work, and have achieved significant results in pollution control and factory remediation of wastewater and soot. All key enterprises have achieved pollution discharge standards. 2 The science and technology management department has strengthened the investment in scientific and technological research and development of magnesium alloys. During the “10th Five-Year Plan” period, the Science and Technology Department of Shanxi Province set up a special fund for the research and development of magnesium and magnesium alloys, with a total investment of 24 million yuan, and supported the research and development and industrialization of magnesium and magnesium alloy environmental engineering technology. In March 2004, Shanxi Provincial Science and Technology Fund Development Corporation undertook the “Tenth Five-Year” National Science and Technology Research Project “Development and Industrialization of Comprehensive Environmental Protection Technology for Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys”. The goal of the project was to solve and solve problems through technological research, research, and research. The treatment method of environmental pollution in the production process of magnesium and magnesium alloys in Pijiang. 3 The government's environmental management and monitoring departments have increased their efforts in monitoring and controlling environmental protection. In 2007, the Shanxi Provincial Government selected more than 800 heavily polluting enterprises in the province to force the installation of automatic monitoring facilities for pollution sources, including Taiyuan Tongxiang Metal Magnesium Co., Ltd., Guangling Essence Chemical Group Co., Ltd. Special Magnesium Alloy Factory, Yuncheng City. The enterprises producing magnesium in Wenxi County Baiyu Magnesium Plant monitor waste gas and wastewater. 4 Some companies have also carried out research on pollution related governance. For example, Shanxi Guangling Essence Chemical Co., Ltd. uses composite Portland cement (referred to as MZ composite Portland cement) produced by magnesium slag waste residue. The product performance is in full compliance with GB12958-1999 "composite Portland cement" standard requirements, radioactivity, ratio The activity equivalent value also meets the requirements of GB6566-2001, and was listed as the national key environmental protection project by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2001.

Under the strong promotion of the government and the strong support and cooperation of relevant parties in the society, Shanxi Province has achieved some results in the prevention and control of magnesium industry pollution, but the overall effect and situation are still not optimistic. Shanxi's magnesium industry, while creating economic benefits, the irreparable negative effects brought to the environment should be highly valued by the whole society. The prevention and control of magnesium industry pollution has become an important issue that needs to be solved urgently in the industrial and economic and social development of Shanxi Province.

(2) Pollution status and main problems of magnesium industry in Shanxi Province

1. The smelting process is backward and the production facilities are simple. Most of the magnesium production enterprises in Shanxi Province use the Pijiang method to smelt magnesium metal, and every step of the Pijiang process produces pollution, except for dust emissions, chemical pollution, pollution from raw coal combustion, and environmental pollution. Destruction of formation, etc.

2. Emphasis on the economic advantages of the magnesium industry and neglect the seriousness of magnesium pollution. Shanxi's metal magnesium plant is basically a private enterprise. Over the years, some enterprises have pursued economic benefits in a partial manner, depending on economic interests as “hard indicators” and environmental protection as “soft indicators”, except for individual enterprises in the recycling of emissions and pollution control. In addition, many enterprises have many problems in environmental protection. The “soft constraints” on environmental protection have caused the huge pollution discharged by Shanxi magnesium production enterprises to be almost impossible to control.

3. The scale of the company is small and scattered, which makes it difficult to centralize environmental protection. Shanxi Province has a large number of magnesium production enterprises, small scale and scattered, large energy consumption, serious environmental pollution and lack of competitiveness. There are more than 60 magnesium production enterprises in the province, and there are only a few enterprises with actual output of over 10,000 tons. Most enterprises have a capacity of less than 5,000 tons. Most enterprises are scattered in the counties and towns of Taiyuan, Yuncheng and Datong. Due to the scattered distribution of enterprises, it is difficult to concentrate on prevention and control, which brings certain difficulties to environmental protection.

4. The investment in environmental protection technology is weak and the research and development strength of environmental protection is weak. Most of the magnesium production enterprises in Shanxi Province do not have specialized R&D institutions, lack of technical development capabilities, and lack of technical personnel; most of the magnesium enterprises have almost zero investment in research and development, some enterprises do not invest and invest less in environmental protection, and others rarely Investment in technological innovation is even more reluctant to bear the risk of technological innovation; most magnesium producers do not install environmental protection devices. If they are truly measured according to national environmental standards, few companies have qualified.

5. The concept of environmental protection is weak and the knowledge of environmental protection science and technology is lacking. Since most people do not understand the magnesium production process and lack the knowledge of magnesium, they have seen and heard the excellent use and extensive application prospects of magnesium deep processing products, ignoring the pollution caused by magnesium metal production. Harmful.

6. The comprehensive development and utilization of waste and the disorderly discharge and accumulation of waste. Most of the magnesium production enterprises in Shanxi Province directly discharge and waste the waste in production. As a result, the waste will directly and indirectly pollute the atmosphere, soil, water body and endanger the human body. With the rapid development of magnesium industry and magnesium and magnesium As the output of alloys increases, the waste is also multiplied, and the large amount of land occupied by waste has a tendency to spread. Based on the magnesium production of Shanxi Province of 330,000 tons (2005), it is estimated that about 217,800 tons of sulfur dioxide gas can be produced, the amount of dust is about 21.78 million tons, the amount of reducing slag is about 1.65 million tons, and the amount of flue gas in the reduction furnace is about 3.13 million m ^{3 .} .

Third, countermeasures for pollution prevention and control

(1) Pollution control according to law and the environment for the protection of the whole people

All levels of government, relevant functional departments, and magnesium production enterprises in the province must resolutely implement the provincial government's environmental protection policies and regulations ("Shanxi Provincial People's Government implements the State Council's implementation opinions on the implementation of the scientific development concept to strengthen environmental protection decisions" Zhengfa [2006] No. 14), the spirit of the document of the Shanxi Provincial People's Government on the Implementation of the Blue Sky and Clear Water Project (Jin Zheng Fa [2006] No. 15). The government and relevant departments should strengthen the management and governance of environmental protection, use policies and regulations and related systems to regulate the production of enterprises, and use the influence and extensiveness of media propaganda and education to further improve the environmental protection quality and environmental awareness of the whole people, mobilize and launch. The masses supervised and reported on polluting enterprises, forming a good atmosphere for the whole people to attach importance to environmental protection. Enterprise leaders and employees must further improve their environmental awareness. The main leaders of enterprises and relevant functional departments of enterprises should strengthen the control of unorganized emissions of polluting wastes, and use advanced science and technology to transform and enhance the independent innovation capability of enterprises and actively carry out pollution. The comprehensive utilization of waste, turning waste into treasure, taking the road of circular economy, and incorporating environmental protection into the whole process of magnesium production.

(2) Source prevention and scale management

Magnesium production enterprises must face up to the harm caused by pollution to the environment, take practical measures to strengthen the prevention and control of pollution sources. The first is to implement the whole process of production governance. Starting from the magnesium smelting production process, each process is taken as the object of prevention and control, and the types of pollution generated, the degree of damage, the improvement measures to be taken, the supporting technologies and equipment are analyzed one by one. We will build and improve the economical and environmentally-friendly magnesium processing chain, pay attention to promoting new technologies for energy conservation and environmental protection, design energy-saving process combinations, find energy-saving and environmentally-friendly alternative materials, and develop and adopt new smelting and processing technologies with economic advantages. The second is the scale of pollution disposal. On the basis of the integration of existing enterprises, the pollution wastes will be treated in a unified manner (open-air stacking, underground burial, development and utilization, etc.). The third is to broaden the use of waste. The use of advanced environmental science and technology, further research and development of waste utilization methods, and explore the development value of comprehensive utilization of waste.

(3) Building a strong automatic monitoring system for pollution sources and improving government supervision capabilities

It is necessary to further exert the role of the government in preventing and controlling environmental pollution. The government environmental protection law enforcement departments must resolutely implement the national and local environmental protection laws and regulations, and all the projects that fail to comply with the provisions of the environmental assessment assessment procedures and those that have not been approved for construction shall be ordered to stop construction and be punished according to law. The government environmental protection monitoring department should strengthen the automatic installation of pollution source automatic monitoring facilities for enterprises with serious pollution of magnesium production, conduct monitoring of waste gas and waste water for these enterprises, and implement social publicity at the same time to urge enterprises to rectify; the mass media should exert its own advantages and public opinion supervision. Strength, to report on these companies, in order to promote corporate awareness and attention to environmental protection.

(4) Strengthening the matching and utilization of environmental protection facilities

Magnesium production enterprises should consciously install environmental dust-removing devices, gradually transform existing environmental dust-removing facilities, introduce advanced environmental dust-removing equipment , and improve the utilization efficiency of existing environmental dust-removing facilities; strengthen labor safety for workers and prevent and reduce occupational diseases. To minimize the pollution hazard; to promote mature environmental technology achievements and accelerate the application of high technology in the field of environmental protection.

(5) Strengthening environmental protection science and technology investment and conducting research on pollution-related systems

Government environmental monitoring, sanitation and epidemic prevention, agriculture, forestry, water conservancy and other departments should systematically study the contaminated atmosphere, water, soil and human body in the magnesium smelting production area and surrounding areas. First of all, we must organize forces to investigate the status of pollution in the province's magnesium production. Secondly, it is necessary to understand the types of pollution generated in the production of magnesium, the related hazards and the degree of damage to the atmosphere, water, soil and human body. The third is to establish a pollution source hazard file, and propose practical and feasible pollution control measures and treatment plans for different polluted systems.