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Will the dazzling light bulbs on the supermarket shelves make you pick your eyes? In the face of the ashes of incandescent lamps, the most literary energy-saving lamps and LED lamps with the bulbs of the rich and handsome, can you clearly tell the difference between them, different working principles and their respective advantages and disadvantages? Which one is more suitable for the social energy environment and life use scenarios.
Three-light small pass 1. Incandescent lamp concept: An incandescent lamp is an electric light source that energizes the filament to an incandescent state and emits visible light using thermal radiation. With its low cost and good color rendering, it has entered thousands of households and is also a kind of lamp with a wide range of applications.
Invention time: 1879, Thomas of the United States. Edison made a carbon fiber (ie carbon wire) incandescent lamp. It is also the oldest luminaire.
Working principle: When the current passes through the filament (tungsten wire, the melting point reaches more than 3000 degrees Celsius), the heat is generated. The spiral filament continuously collects the heat, so that the temperature of the filament reaches 2000 degrees Celsius or more. When the filament is in an incandescent state, it is like burning red. The iron can shine like the light. The higher the temperature of the filament, the brighter the light is emitted, so it is called an incandescent lamp.
Application areas: The current focus is on hotels and families.
Market share: Incandescent lamps have gradually retired in recent years. Although it has obvious advantages in terms of price, there are still sales, but the market share has dropped sharply, and most of them are temporary lamps for the decoration stage of the room.
2. Energy-saving lamp concept: Energy-saving lamps, also known as energy-saving lamps, electronic bulbs, compact fluorescent lamps and integrated fluorescent lamps, refer to lighting devices that combine fluorescent lamps with ballasts (ballasts).
Invention time: Philips was born in the Netherlands in 1978.
Working principle: The energy-saving lamp is actually a compact fluorescent lamp with a ballast. When the energy-saving lamp is ignited, it is first heated by the electronic ballast to the lamp filament, and the filament starts to emit electrons (because some electrons are coated on the filament) Powder), the electron collides with the argon atoms in the lamp tube. After the collision of the argon atoms, the energy is generated and hits the internal mercury atoms. The mercury atoms are excited to absorb the energy to generate ionization, and the inside of the lamp tube constitutes a plasma state.
Application areas: room lighting, office lighting, industrial lighting, hotels, shopping malls and other places.
Market share: Energy-saving lamps are the most widely used incandescent lamp exchange products. However, at present, energy-saving lamps are affected by factors such as price factors, market promotion, and purchasing habits, and the popularity is not high. Take the energy-saving lamps that are currently subsidized by the state as an example. The penetration rate is only about 20%.
3. LED light concept: LED light, also known as light-emitting diode, is a solid-state semiconductor device that can directly convert electricity into light.
Invention time: LED lights are new technologies developed in the middle of the 20th century.
Working principle: The heart of the LED is a semiconductor wafer. One end of the chip is attached to a bracket, one end is a negative pole, and the other end is connected to the positive pole of the power source, so that the entire wafer is encapsulated by epoxy resin. The semiconductor wafer consists of three parts, one part is a P-type semiconductor, in which the hole dominates, and the other end is an N-type semiconductor, where it is mainly electron, and the middle is usually a quantum well of 1 to 5 cycles. When a current is applied to the wafer through a wire, electrons and holes are pushed into the vector sub-well. In the quantum well, the electrons recombine with the holes, and then the energy is emitted in the form of photons. This is the principle of LED illumination.
Application areas: specialty stores and large shopping malls, entertainment venues, beauty salon lighting; atmosphere lighting for leisure venues such as bars and cafes; lighting for professional venues such as museums and art galleries; stage for commercial theaters, TV studio dances and photography Lighting; hotels, hotels, hotel lighting; hotels, hotels, hotel lighting; exhibitions, fashion show lighting; exhibitions, fashion show lighting.
Market share: The LED lighting market has entered a high-speed growth zone with a penetration rate of 15. Take the leading enterprises as an example. In 2014, the number of new orders will increase by more than 2 times, and the average growth rate of the industry will double.
Three lights battle, fate dispute 1, incandescent lamp life is 1000 hours Advantages: easy to manufacture, low cost, fast start, simple line, small light source, a wide variety of lampshade forms, and equipped with lightweight light stand, ceiling and Wall mounted fixtures and concealed devices, large versatility, multi-color variety, directional, scattering, diffuse and other forms, can be used to enhance the three-dimensional sense of objects, the incandescent light is closest to the sun color.
Disadvantages: Non-environmental protection is the biggest disadvantage. When using incandescent lamps, 95 electric energy is consumed in heating, and only 5 electric energy is truly converted into light that we can see. Low luminous efficiency, high heat generation temperature, fast thermal evaporation, short life (1000 hours), high infrared content, easy to be affected by vibration, low color temperature, yellow.
2, energy-saving lamp life is more than 6000 hours. Advantages: energy conversion rate is much higher than incandescent lamps, saving energy, it can also be said to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, long service life.
Disadvantages: The price is relatively high, and the energy-saving lamp tube accidentally ruptures the volatilization of mercury, which is very harmful to the human body.
3, LED lamp life is more than 20,000 hours. Advantages: LED lamps are energy efficient, consume only a few degrees of electricity in a thousand hours; lamps have long life, semiconductor chips emit light, no filament, no glass bubbles, not afraid of vibration, not easy to break; Contains no ultraviolet and infrared rays, no radiation; no harmful elements such as mercury and antimony, which is good for recycling, and does not cause electromagnetic interference; DC drive, no stroboscopic, can protect vision; high safety factor; large market potential, can be used There are lack of electricity and less electricity in remote mountainous areas and outdoor lighting.
Disadvantages: LED lamps will have the same stroboscopic phenomenon as ordinary incandescent lamps under AC drive, while ordinary energy-saving lamps have no stroboscopic phenomenon. Strobe light will make the eyes easy to fatigue; the light of each led bulb will be too bright, it will irritate the eyes, not direct, even for a short time, and the ordinary energy-saving lamps are relatively softer; the illumination angle is limited, generally only 120, The ordinary energy-saving lamp can almost illuminate 360; the brightness of the illuminating room is not better than that of the energy-saving lamp, because the LED has high brightness only in a narrow angle of direct view, and the light is rapidly weakened after deviating from the angle.