China's equipment manufacturing industry is facing transformation and upgrading

On June 6, 2012, initiated by the CERC, the first theoretical book in the field of China's equipment industry edited by well-known scholars inside and outside the industry, the 2012 Blue Book of Equipment Industry - Equipment for Transformation and Upgrading Manufacturing officially released. Some of the ideas in the book are as follows:

Under the new situation, China’s manufacturing industry is facing a double crisis. Under the new situation, China’s manufacturing industry will face a double crisis: First, developed and manufacturing countries will use existing advantages (environment, systems, technology, management, and culture, etc.) in the new The manufacturing sector has formed new advantages (breakthroughs in new technologies, new management methods, etc.), and has continued to occupy the global market with new advantages, creating a new blow to China's manufacturing industry; second is the use of high-end manufacturing technology and high-end services to snatch other countries. Including Chinese-made mid-market.

The pattern of “three worlds” in equipment manufacturing has not changed fundamentally. China is in a position to catch up with others. When we analyze the global manufacturing development pattern in depth, we make the judgment that the basic pattern of the current world equipment manufacturing industry has not fundamentally changed.

Although sales of China's equipment industry have already ranked first in the world in 2009, manufacturing output values ​​of major developed countries such as the United States, Japan, Germany, France, Italy, and the United Kingdom still account for 70% of the total, which occupies the national economy. Stand out. Especially high-end manufacturing products are still firmly controlled by developed countries.

The development of the global equipment manufacturing industry can still be divided into three worlds: the United States, Japan, Germany, and other developed countries are the first world. Although the economic development of these countries temporarily encounters some difficulties, they still hold the development direction and the most The core technology is the leader; China, India, Brazil and other countries are the second world. These have a huge manufacturing market. Although they are developing rapidly, they are still far away from the first world. They are followers; others are industrialized. The countries in the early days were the third world. These countries had neither advanced technology nor too strong industrial bases. They were suppliers of raw materials and energy, and the gap with the first and second world was gradually widening.

After years of development, China's equipment manufacturing industry has formed an industrial system with complete categories, large scale, and a certain level of technology, and has become an important pillar industry of the national economy.

In 2010, China’s manufacturing output reached US$1.955 trillion, accounting for 19.8% of global manufacturing output. By comparison, US manufacturing output in 2010 was US$1.952 trillion, accounting for 19.4% of the total. China has become a big country in equipment manufacturing.

After the explosive growth of the previous development cycle, the drawbacks of China's equipment manufacturing have gradually emerged: large but weak industries, weak innovation capacity, backwardness in basic manufacturing, severe low-level redundant construction, and difficulties in the promotion and application of innovative products. Type growth.

Although the total amount of China's equipment manufacturing industry is huge, its industrial competitiveness is not strong. At the same time, the global economic crisis has also forced China's equipment manufacturing industry to accelerate its transformation and upgrading.

Only by successfully implementing the strategic goals of transformation and upgrading can the “three worlds” pattern of equipment manufacturing be changed.

Equipment Manufacturing Manufactures New Maps for the Future China's equipment manufacturing industry is based on 156 projects at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China and the subsequent third-line construction. After more than 60 years of development, the development pattern of China's equipment manufacturing industry has undergone great changes. At present, China's equipment manufacturing industry has initially formed five major industrial agglomeration areas, among which the Bohai Rim and the Yangtze River Delta region are the core circles for the development of the equipment manufacturing industry, the northeast and the Pearl River Delta regions are supported by two wings, and the central and western regions are important supplements for large-scale equipment development. pattern.

At the same time, a number of new industrial bases related to the high-end equipment industry are gradually forming, mainly in the Bohai Rim and the Yangtze River Delta region; there are also a small number of distribution in the western, central and northeastern regions. In the future, the key emerging areas of high-end equipment manufacturing in China will continue to emerge, and will drive the development of the surrounding areas to form regional industrial clusters; the regional division of labor will be reflected in various regional industrial clusters; the central and western regions will rely on policy support. Its resource advantages will also accelerate development.

Bohai Rim is an important high-end equipment research and development, design and manufacturing base in China. Among them, Beijing is a national R&D center for aviation, satellite, and bed industries. Liaoning, Shandong, and Hebei rely on their marine advantages. On the basis of the original equipment industry, it has gradually developed into an industrial gathering area for marine engineering equipment, beds, and rail transportation equipment. The Bohai Rim region is the largest gathering area for China's equipment manufacturing industry. The equipment manufacturing industry has a solid foundation and strong endogeneity. It is the driving force for the future equipment manufacturing industry.

The Yangtze River Delta region is an important high-end equipment manufacturing development and production base in China, and occupies an important position in the domestic high-end equipment manufacturing industry. Among them, Shanghai is a key base for scientific research and manufacturing of civil aviation equipment in China, and Jiangsu's marine equipment industry is developed. The Yangtze River Delta region has a solid foundation in equipment manufacturing, small and medium-sized enterprises, and the most dynamic region in the equipment industry.

The Pearl River Delta region is the R&D and production base for beds, intelligent robots, ocean engineering and aviation services. Mainly distributed in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, Zhuhai, Dongguan and other cities. The Pearl River Delta region is at the forefront of reform and opening up. It is mainly oriented towards export-oriented economy. It has a good economic foundation and abundant human resources. The equipment manufacturing industry will develop in the direction of intelligence and it is an important industrial circle in the future.

In the central and western regions, Hunan and Shanxi, with Zhuzhou and Taiyuan as the center respectively, have become important manufacturing bases for rail transit equipment in China. In the aviation field, Hunan and Jiangxi have also developed rapidly as the national key aviation industry base. Five provinces and cities in Sichuan, Chongqing, Shaanxi, Guizhou and Yunnan have gradually formed a cluster of industries for aviation, satellite, rail transit equipment and machine tools. These areas have a certain basic equipment industry. Although the related supporting industries are relatively weak, they can seize industries with traditional advantages, improve the industrial chain, and take the path of characteristic development.

The northeastern region is China's traditional old industrial base. Although its status in the country has no past glory, it still occupies a large proportion in the traditional heavy equipment field. The industry base for heavy machine tools, metal smelting, large-scale power equipment, and aircraft manufacturing is strong. In recent years, the status of the equipment manufacturing industry in the Northeast has been declining. If it cannot upgrade its vitality and upgrade the industry, the status of the equipment manufacturing industry in the Northeast will continue to decline.

With the development of high-end equipment manufacturing industry, China's equipment manufacturing industry will accelerate the pace of agglomeration, gather more quickly in the park, gather in economically developed areas, and gather talents and technology-intensive areas.

The powerful logic of equipment manufacturing China's equipment manufacturing industry is powerful, and its logic is by no means clear. China National Engineering and Innovation has accumulated the wisdom of many experts and scholars and put forward the following suggestions for the development of China's equipment manufacturing industry:

The first is to achieve "something inaction". The industry chain of equipment manufacturing industry is long and the demand for funds is large. If the government completely relies on market auto-regulation to develop the equipment manufacturing industry, under the circumstances of China's industrial development, market regulation failure may eventually occur, and the equipment manufacturing industry will fall into a recession. The result of vicious competition. But on the contrary, if the government blindly interferes with the development of the equipment manufacturing industry and depends on government measures to macro-manipulate the development of the equipment manufacturing industry, oligopolies will emerge and the rate of resource allocation will be low. Therefore, the development of the equipment manufacturing industry, management departments, should be successful in doing nothing. It is to use the means of the market and use the ideas of the market to guide the development of the industry. We must be proper for doing nothing and doing nothing, doing something wrong, doing nothing.

Second, we must break the ownership preference and rationally allocate public resources. China is a country with multiple ownership systems. State-owned enterprises, collective enterprises, private enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises coexist, and various enterprises compete in the same market. At present, the government emphasizes the equality of ownership in both policy support and financial support. In the actual operation process, state-owned enterprises still receive more support than private enterprises.

The transformation and upgrading of China's equipment manufacturing industry will have to strengthen the innovation capabilities of enterprises. The current situation is that the state allocates large amounts of resources to state-owned enterprises, including many enterprises with poor management and lack of innovation. Many enterprises with flexible operations and innovative impulses and innovative capabilities do not enjoy quality resources. Practice has proved that the overall vitality of state-owned enterprises is lower than that of private enterprises. (Data for January-February 2012 show that the profits of state-owned enterprises have dropped by 19.7%; the profits of private companies have increased by 24.4%). This has caused serious waste of resources.

Therefore, the government's allocation of public resources should not be differentiated by ownership, but should be differentiated by innovation ability and contribution to the industry. The government should allocate the best quality resources to high-quality companies that are innovative, innovative and innovative.

Third, we must vigorously cultivate original innovation capabilities and master core technologies. At the present stage, China's equipment manufacturing industry has accumulated enough quantitative changes. Capital, technology, talent, and management have all been adequately stockpiled. It has become a major equipment manufacturing country, but it is still not a strong country in equipment manufacturing. Because of the lack of core technologies and weak innovation capabilities, China's equipment manufacturing industry is subject to people at key points everywhere. The key technology is the core competitiveness of an industry. It cannot be obtained through purchase. It can only be achieved through its own innovation.

The fourth is to rationalize the equipment manufacturing industry and avoid redundant construction. There is a problem of overcapacity in all walks of life in China, and so is equipment manufacturing! The main reason is that, for the industries encouraged by the country, there will be developments everywhere, regardless of the appropriateness of local resources and conditions, especially for equipment manufacturing. At present, almost all provinces in China have a certain equipment industry system, although the overall level is uneven. This has led to China's equipment industry blossoming, decentralized development, low concentration, poor industrial support, and weak competitiveness.

After the introduction of the national strategic emerging industries plan, all provinces have proposed to vigorously develop the high-end equipment manufacturing industry, especially the planning of the five major industries, some of the industry's low-end products have a surplus.

This requires a rational distribution from the perspective of the whole country, formulating different guiding policies based on the different bases and resource advantages in different regions, enabling different regions to take the path of characteristic development, and focusing on industrial chain as the center. Local governments at all levels should seize the characteristics of the space layout of high-end equipment industry, start from the aspects of resource agglomeration, supporting environment, and industrial supply chain, provide a powerful support platform for the development of the equipment industry, and develop special equipment manufacturing and service bases. This will not only avoid the waste of resources, but also enable different industries to cooperate with each other, promote each other, and jointly improve the overall competitiveness of China's equipment manufacturing.

Fifth, we must pay attention to the development of SMEs. SMEs have an irreplaceable position and role in the development of the equipment manufacturing industry. The governments of developed countries not only attach great importance to the development of SMEs, but also make the adjustment of the industrial structure of SMEs as the manufacturing of plastic equipment in the formulation and implementation of industrial policies. Industry's important content and policy objectives. In particular, Germany, with the support of small and medium-sized equipment manufacturing companies, made it unique in the economic crisis.

China is accustomed to adopting a large-scale idea and attaches importance to the development of large-scale enterprises while neglecting the role of SMEs. The government focuses most of its efforts on supporting large-scale enterprises. The government hopes to cultivate large-scale groups and enhance the competitiveness of equipment manufacturing industry.

Practice has proved that many small and medium-sized enterprises have made greater contributions to the equipment manufacturing industry, and they have more impetus for innovation and are more likely to become the main force for future development. Therefore, the government should support the development of SMEs more in terms of law, finance, taxation, and technology development.