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The new round of tax reform is having a subtle influence on the auto industry. On January 15, Bai Jingming, deputy director of the Institute of Fiscal Science of the Ministry of Finance, revealed at the "2015 China Car Dealer Development Forum" that the new round of tax reform of the central government has been launched, and the automobile industry is a focus of attention in the consumption tax reform. The main idea is to "reduce the tax burden."
According to statistics from the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, China's automobile production and sales in 2014 were 23.72 million and 23.49 million, respectively, and continue to maintain a leading position in the global market. The automobile industry accounts for an increasing proportion of national taxes.
According to Bai Jingming, in 2014, the state estimated tax revenue of 12 trillion yuan. From the perspective of product varieties, automobile tax is second only to tobacco and refined oil, which is more than 600 billion yuan. Among them, the proportion of tax revenue from automobile sales and manufacturing is the largest, and the value-added tax alone is close to 200 billion yuan, while the contribution of vehicle consumption tax is more than 80 billion yuan.
At present, the country's new round of tax reform has been launched. Whether it is the change of business tax into value-added tax or consumption tax reform, the tax burden of car companies will be alleviated. "Where, the reform and energy increase will reduce the operating costs of the car companies, and if the consumption tax is transferred to the wholesale or retail links, the car manufacturing enterprises will be much easier." Bai Jingming said.
This reform direction is now highly concerned by car dealers. It is understood that the National Federation of Industry and Commerce Automobile Dealers Chamber of Commerce is currently drafting proposals for the reform of the automobile tax system on the status quo of dealers. "We hope to provide timely feedback to the Treasury Department of the Ministry of Finance, from the perspective of the car dealer industry, to help them formulate the next fiscal policy," said Xin Ning, executive vice president of the National Federation of Industry and Commerce Automobile Dealers.
Automobile industry tax rate may drop to 3%
At present, the taxes related to the automobile industry involve value-added tax, corporate income tax, consumption tax and car purchase tax, etc., and a new round of tax reform is involved in these taxes. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee established a road map for tax reform, in which the reform of value-added tax, consumption tax and environmental tax will have an important impact on the automobile industry.
"According to the plan, we will complete the VAT reform by 2015. Its main content is to cancel the business tax and change the business tax into value-added tax. After the completion of this reform, the tax rate of the automobile industry in the manufacturing sector will be reduced to 3%. %." Bai Jingming said.
Previously, the automotive industry had a VAT charge in both production and sales. After the completion of the camp reform, the factory buildings, rents and some input taxes related to the life service industry can be deducted. Bai Jingming believes that this can reduce the tax burden of the automotive industry a lot, which will have a stimulating effect on the development of the industry.
However, one of the unfavorable consequences of the increase in the number of local governments is that their taxes will be substantially reduced. In order to make up for the lack of local financial resources, as early as 2013, experts suggested that the automobile consumption tax and vehicle purchase tax should be levied in the consumption chain and classified as local taxes.
The consumption tax was set at the time of the 1994 tax reform. After the value-added tax was imposed on the goods, the consumption tax was levied on some commodities that polluted the environment, luxury goods and consumers who did not encourage consumption according to specific financial or regulatory purposes. At that time, 11 types of commodities such as cigarettes, alcohol, and cars were mainly selected, and the scope of taxation was expanded.
Last year, according to the instructions of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee, the consumption tax reform will be carried out in three aspects: expanding the scope of collection, adjusting the collection process, and adjusting the tax rate structure. At present, the most important concern in the automotive field is which end of the levy of the consumption tax should be transferred to?
The automobile consumption tax is still levied in the production chain. However, the “violent dialogue†between some auto dealers and auto companies at the end of 2014 has attracted the attention of relevant departments. "If there is a real upside in the auto sector, the consumption tax will shift to the retail side, but the tax base will become smaller. However, if it is levied in the wholesale chain, the tax base will be stable and easy to collect." Bai Jingming revealed that the automobile consumption tax reform discussed earlier The direction is that the taxation link will be transferred to wholesale or retail, but under the new car dealer relationship, whether it is wholesale or retail is still inconclusive.
“Assuming the link moves backwards, the car manufacturer is easy, but it may have an impact on the dealer. If it is placed in the retail chain, the burden on the wholesaler will be reduced, but the retailer will not be burdened with it. These issues need to be studied.†Bai Jingming said.
Dealing with blind restrictions by tax adjustment In fact, the recent increase in the tax on refined oil consumption tax has already indicated that the consumption tax reform has started. The direction of reform of automobile consumption tax is consistent with that of refined oil, that is, it is changed from production to wholesale or retail. Wang Xiaoming, director of the Industrial Economics Research Department of the Development Research Center of the State Council, believes that such tax reform is conducive to consumers choosing energy-saving and environmentally friendly vehicles to achieve rational consumption.
Energy conservation and environmental protection is another focus of this tax reform. "Currently, the consumption tax and the vehicle and vessel use tax are all based on the amount of exhaust gas to determine the amount of tax, so the environmental tax reform around energy conservation and environmental protection will have a neutral impact on the development of the automotive industry." Bai Jingming said.
The negative side of Bai Jingming’s “neutral influence†is that it may impose constraints on car sales. At present, including Shenzhen, China's first-tier cities have all implemented the automobile purchase restriction policy. This year, including the city of Taiyuan, Shijiazhuang and other places rumored to be limited to purchase, there have been signs of panic buying cars. Although this will stimulate the growth of China's auto market in the short term, the public is increasingly controversial about this kind of surprise purchase restriction.
Previously, some industry experts, represented by the executive vice president and secretary general of the China Automobile Association, Dong Yang, have repeatedly recommended the use of tax leverage to replace the purchase restriction policy. Dong Yang believes that the fundamental reason for local governments to invest in automobile projects on the one hand, and the enthusiasm for car purchases on the one hand, is that local taxes mainly come from industrial projects, and the taxation in the production process is heavy and the tax on consumption is light, so it can be part of The tax levied in the automobile production process is levied on the card and incorporated into the local tax category. This can solve the strange phenomenon that the local market is blindly attracting investment and is unwilling to expand consumption.
This consumption tax adjustment and collection link is a feedback on the above opinions. In addition, its positive impact on the automotive industry is that it can bring new opportunities to its structural adjustment and promote new growth points. "In the future, new energy vehicle applications will be a new growth point for the auto market. But now its cost is high, and many aspects have not yet reached the level of consumer spending, so we have launched fiscal policies such as exemption from car purchase tax and input subsidies. The future environmental tax reform will continue to increase in this direction," Bai Jingming said.