One of the Latest Technologies for European Commercial Vehicles: Assisted Driving Systems


Technological innovation is the eternal theme of automobile development. In recent years, the author has been tracking the development and application trends of automotive technology. It has been found that over 90% of technological innovations in the automotive industry in the last 5 years have been related to intelligent vehicle systems. Intelligent technologies are becoming the focus of R&D and application of automotive technologies. It can be predicted that car intelligence will be a revolution in the development of automotive technology and one of the most effective means of winning the commanding heights of the future automobile market.

In order to pursue the high performance of commercial vehicles, commercial vehicle companies around the world, especially European commercial vehicle giants, have achieved unprecedented results in the research and application of automotive intelligent technologies. At present, Mercedes-Benz's fourth-generation Actros series and Mann's new TGX series are in Europe. On the heavy-duty flagship products such as Volvo's new FH series and Scania's new R series, smart technology has penetrated into various fields of improving economy, power, safety, comfort, and handling, in which safety and comfort are improved. The sexual aspect is particularly prominent.

First, improve the security of smart technology

1.1 Intelligent Collision Avoidance System

The first problem that the intelligent collision avoidance system solves is the safety distance between cars. The safe distance between the car and the car exceeds this safety distance. The intelligent collision avoidance system not only can automatically alarm, but also can automatically take braking measures.

At present, there are three methods for measuring the safety distance between automobiles: ultrasonic ranging, microwave radar ranging and laser ranging. Ultrasonic distance measurement is to use its reflection characteristics. Ultrasonic generator emits 40KHz ultrasonic waves and encounters obstacles. The ultrasonic receiver receives the transmitted wave signals and converts them into electrical signals. Microwave radar ranging is to use target pairs. Electromagnetic wave reflection to find the target and determine its location; laser ranging working principle is similar to microwave radar ranging. The specific ranging method has continuous wave and pulse wave.

(1) Ultrasonic car reversing intelligent collision avoidance system

It uses the principle of ultrasonic echo ranging to measure objects within a certain distance behind the car. This new collision avoidance system can promptly display the distance and azimuth of the obstacles behind the car. The display range is 0.5m-9.9m, when the distance is greater than 2m. Shows the position of the obstacle behind the car; when the distance is less than 2m, in addition to displaying its position, it can also provide three alarm signals according to the three-section distance to alert the driver of three different degrees of emergency, so that the driver can make Corresponding measures to prevent accidents.

(2) Microwave radar intelligent collision avoidance system

It continuously detects and calculates the echoes that are reflected by obstacles after the electromagnetic wave is emitted. After analyzing and judging, the dangerous objects are alarmed according to different degrees, and the vehicle is automatically decelerated until the automatic braking.

The main functions of the system are: speed measurement ranging; providing audible and visual alarms for dangerous targets within 100m ahead; both car black box function; automatic cruise system; automatic braking in emergency situations. After the car with the system is on the highway, the driver can start the collision avoidance radar on the vehicle. After the radar has selected the car to follow, the car being followed becomes the target car behind the car. Whether it is accelerating, deteriorating, parking or starting, the car behind it can be imitated in an instant. If the preceding car is no longer suitable for its own target car after driving for a period of time, the driver can reselect another target car.

(3) Laser radar intelligent collision avoidance system

Its main function is to prevent rear-end collisions. The system structure includes a light emitting unit, a light receiving unit, a laser radar that calculates the distance between the cars, a signal processing circuit, a display device, and a vehicle speed sensor. The laser lens irradiates the pulsed infrared laser beam to the front and uses the reflected light from the rear mirror of the car to detect the distance through the light-receiving device. Using the automotive mirror, the detection distance is about 100m and the maximum detection width is 3.5m or more. The control part of the microcomputer performs the following calculations and issues an execution signal: the speed of the vehicle, the vehicle speed of the preceding vehicle, and the distance between the workshops, the alarm sound and the warning light flashing, the automatic brake, and the display device can be displayed on the dashboard according to the comparison between the workshop distance and the safety workshop distance. On the distance display.

At present, scanning laser radar is mainly used, which can not only measure the distance of the front car, but also detect the lateral position. With the further development of this technology, the scanning angle can reach 360°. If similar scanning lidars are installed in the four corners of the vehicle, obstacles around the vehicle can be detected.

1.2 Intelligent braking system

The intelligent braking system is an advanced form of EBS (Electronic Controlled Braking System). It has been developed on the basis of ABS and ASR in recent years, and it is an electronically controlled dynamic system integrating ABS and ASR control functions. It consists of sensors and control devices. EBS is mainly used to improve the braking performance of trucks, especially heavy-duty trucks.

The Telligent® intelligent braking system used by the Mercedes-Benz fourth-generation Actros series heavy trucks can automatically distribute and control the braking force according to the vehicle load and ABS and ASR. Its ramp parking function makes the past ramp slip or stall. Become history.

1.3 Smart tires

Automotive smart tires are equipped with sensors and computer chips in the tires. They can automatically monitor and adjust the tire's driving temperature and air pressure, so that the tire can maintain the best operating conditions under different conditions, both to improve the safety factor and save costs. More advanced intelligent tires can also be softened after detecting ice on the road surface to make traction better. After detecting the degree of moisture on the road surface, it can automatically change the pattern of the tire to prevent it from slipping.

1.4 Smart Airbag

Smart airbags are based on universal airbags by adding sensors and supporting computer software. Its weight sensor can be based on the perception of weight is an adult or a child; its infrared sensor can detect whether the seat is a human or an object based on heat; its ultrasonic sensor can detect the presence and location of the occupant. The software of the computer can timely adjust the inflation time, inflation speed and inflation degree of the airbag according to the passenger's body, weight, location, and whether it is wearing a seatbelt and the speed and degree of collision of the vehicle, so that the airbag can provide the most reasonable to the passengers. And the most effective protection.

1.5 Intelligent Night Vision System

The system is mainly used in the evening, when the visibility is low to a certain extent, the system automatically opens. Its main use of infrared technology is to make darkness as daylight, allowing drivers to see farther and clearer in the dark. The structure of the night vision system consists of two parts: one is an infrared camera and the other is a light display system on the windshield. With this type of night gear, the driver can see the road conditions through the light display system as it does during the day. When the two cars meet, it can greatly reduce the front car light strong light to the driver's poor visual stimulation, but also can improve the driver's ability to discern the ability to drive in the fog. In order to see the situation behind the car, the developer has developed a new type of rearview mirror. When the headlights of the rear car shine on the rearview mirror of the front car, the automatic sensing device can reflect the surface of the liquid crystal glass reflector accordingly. Soft, so that drivers do not dazzle.

1.6 Driver Distraction Intelligent Monitoring System

This is a monitoring system installed on the car dashboard. It can use eye tracking technology to determine if the driver is paying attention to the road conditions and promptly alerts the driver when he is dozing off. The surveillance system uses two cameras to continuously observe the driver's face, including the ear, nose, and chin, to calculate the position of the eye and track the state of his white and iris. The system then compares the current shape of the iris with a computer model, analyzes the driver's line of sight, and determines if the driver is paying attention to the road surface.

1.7 Smart Black Box

The smart car black box can objectively record the operation process of the driver before the car accident in the motor vehicle, and effectively provide the driver with various reactions before the accident. Allegedly, after installing such a system, the traffic accident handling department can monitor all vehicles passing through the roads at any time in real time. In the event of a car accident, the nearest traffic accident processing center from the accident site can be within a few seconds. Get information such as the driving speed when the vehicle crashed, the casualties of the passengers in the vehicle.

This black box is almost as large as a general cigarette case, and the components include a cellular phone device that can store, collect, and transmit data, and an external security device. After a car accident, the black box will automatically open, using sensors to record the speed of the car and the impact of the car in an accident, and then transmit this information to the central communications system. The black box is embedded with a global positioning system, which is responsible for data processing and transmission functions.

1.8 Vehicle Networking System

Vehicle networking system refers to the use of advanced sensing technology, network technology, computing technology, control technology, and intelligent technology to comprehensively perceive roads and traffic and realize the interaction of large-scale and large-capacity data among multiple systems. The car conducts full-distance traffic control and carries out full-time traffic control for each road to provide high traffic efficiency and traffic safety-based networks and applications. At present, the vehicle-vehicle communication and safety control, vehicle-route communication and safety control are the difficulties to be overcome in the development of automotive vehicle networking technology.

Without questioning, the car networking system is an inevitable trend in the development of automotive technology. Experts predict that the actual application phase of the development of car networking will come around 2020.

In addition to the above-mentioned smart security system, the author focused on the recent development of the status quo of the development of European heavy-duty trucks safety technology, EDB (electronic brake force distribution device), ESP (electronic body stabilization program, also known as electronically controlled running stability system). , ACC (adaptive cruise control device), LKS (lane-tracking system), DAS (fatigue warning support system), etc., all belong to the category of intelligent security technology, and will not be repeated here.

Second, improve the comfort of smart technology

2.1 Smart suspension

The intelligent suspension system is controlled by an electronic device, which can adjust the degree of stiffness of the suspension elastic member and the resistance of the shock absorber according to the condition of the road surface so that the vibration and impact can be quickly eliminated. In addition, the intelligent suspension can also automatically adjust the height of the vehicle body from the ground. Even if the car is running on a rough road, there will be no road obstacles, so that the occupants feel smooth and comfortable.

2.2 Intelligent Roll Control System

As an optional equipment for a fully air-spring-supported side dump truck, the intelligent roll control system constantly improves the shock absorption characteristics to the current driving conditions, vehicle loads, and road surface conditions through electronic control of the shock absorbers, thereby increasing the cargo transportation. The comfort, safety and buffer level of the vehicle.

2.3 Smart Air Conditioning

The intelligent air conditioning system can analyze and judge the temperature, humidity and air cleanliness of the vehicle according to the pre-set indicators according to the external climatic conditions, and automatically turn on the cooling, heating, dehumidification and air purification devices and adjust the appropriate values ​​in time. Interior air environment.

Third, improve the dynamic nature of economic intelligence

3.1 Power Transmission System Integration Intelligent Control System

The integrated intelligent control of automotive power transmission system refers to the application of electronic technology and automatic transmission theory, taking the electronic control unit (ECU) as the core, controlling the separation and engagement of the clutch and selecting the shift operation through the hydraulic actuator, and controlling the engine through the electronic device. The oil supply realizes automatic operation of starting and shifting. The basic control concept is: According to the driver's intention (accelerator, brake pedal, joystick, etc.) and the state of the vehicle (engine speed, input shaft speed, vehicle speed, gear), according to the appropriate control law (shift Laws, clutch engagement rules, etc.), by means of corresponding actuators (clutch actuators, selector shift actuators) and electronic devices (engine oil supply electronic control devices) to the vehicle's power train (engine, clutch, transmission) The joint operation and control will ultimately optimize the vehicle's power and economy. At present, the system is studying the development stage.

3.2 Intelligent Shifting System

At present, the intelligent shifting system has been put into use in Europe's Mercedes-Benz and Scania's high-end heavy truck products. Some flagship products have even become standard.

Scania Opticruise Scania Heavy Truck's Scania Opticruise is fully automatic, with automatic clutch and classic clutch pedal options. The automatic clutch applies electro-hydraulic clutch control for the most accurate shifting.

The system benefits the driver and operator in many ways. It not only improves the driving comfort, so that the driver does not have to always pay attention to the engine speed and change the gear while driving, so that more attention can be focused on vehicle control and road conditions, and the driver can quickly familiarize with and adapt to this An automatic shift system that drives in a more stable and efficient manner. Even a driver who has not received training can quickly become familiar with the operation and significantly reduce fuel consumption. In addition, the intelligent shifting system can also reduce the wear of clutches and other transmission elements, extending the service life.

The Scania Smart Shifting System is the first automatic transmission system on the market and has undergone several improvements since its launch. It also has the following features in cooperation with the clutch:

(1) The new Scania Intelligent Shifting System introduces a new automatic clutch control system, which can provide customers with two options: automatic shifting system and clutch pedal.

(2) The automatic clutch has a high-precision electronic control system, enabling precise shifting even without a clutch pedal.

(3) Precise control modes provide super-fine clutch control, acceleration response, and smoother engine control.

(4) The automatic clutch temporarily disengages the clutch from the power system during shifting, and shifts gears more quickly and smoothly.

(5) Integrated electronic protection equipment minimizes clutch wear.

3.3 Intelligent Engine Management System

The intelligent engine management system is a new technology developed on the basis of the diesel engine electronic control system. It uses the diesel engine speed and load as the basic signal reflecting the actual operating conditions of the diesel engine, and refers to the corresponding injection of the diesel engine under various working conditions. The amount and timing of fuel injection and MAP map are used to determine the basic fuel injection quantity and injection timing, and then various compensations are performed according to various factors (such as water temperature, oil temperature, atmospheric pressure, etc.) to obtain the best fuel injection. Quantity and injection timing, then control output through the actuator. Finally, the best balance between diesel fuel economy and power is ensured.

3.4 Intelligent fleet remote management system

On April 21, 2011, at the Shanghai International Auto Show, Mercedes-Benz trucks displayed the FleetBoard-Intelligent fleet remote management system in China for the first time. This pioneering management system aims to maximize fleet productivity and The economic efficiency of freight vehicles.

FleetBoard uses satellite positioning technology to enable managers to track vehicle information and driver operating behavior in real time, which can significantly improve vehicle fuel economy, and combines logistics orders, distribution processes, and internal ERP systems and inventory information systems. Maximize information sharing to improve logistics efficiency.

Fleetboard is currently installed as a standard configuration on Mercedes-Benz's fourth-generation ACTROS series of heavy trucks. Tests have shown that Fleetboard can at least reduce fuel consumption by 5%, and in the best case it can even decrease by 15%. The current version of Fleetboard also comes with an eco-friendly model, EcoSupport, which analyzes parking conditions and gives suggestions for improvement. EcoSupport is installed on the travel computer and the driver can delete it at any time.

Fourth, improve the driver's handling of smart technology

4.1 GPS Global Navigation System

GPS (GlobLpilotsystem) Global Navigation System is also called global satellite positioning system. It is relying on 24 positioning satellites around the earth to continuously transmit three-dimensional position and three-dimensional velocity electronic information to the ground. Then it receives these information through corresponding receiving devices installed on the earth, and continues the analysis using the relay frame to determine A positioning system that transmits the position of the object providing the information.

The main functions of GPS are roughly the following:

(1) Real-time display of the car's position in the pre-established electronic map, the speed of travel, and the distance from the destination. After entering the destination, an optimal driving route to the destination is automatically generated, and the language is used to remind the user when making a turn, so that the user can go directly to any place without asking for directions.

(2) The hotels, shops, gas stations, repair shops, stations, and terminals along the way can be checked at any time to provide convenience for users.

(3) After the car has been robbed, stop the operation of the engine within the specified range and report the location of the car to the police.

(4) It can be used to play music or VCD after parking.

The GPS navigation system is mainly composed of two parts, one is a GPS receiver and display equipment installed on the original car; the other part is composed of a computer control center. The two are contacted by positioning satellites.

4.2 Smart Driving System

The car smart driving system is equivalent to a robot and can replace a person driving a car. It mainly through the front and rear bumpers and infrared cameras installed on both sides, the car around the front and back of a certain area of ​​non-stop scanning and monitoring, the car computer, electronic maps, photochemical sensors, etc. on the infrared money camera signal analysis Calculate, and according to the traffic information from the road traffic information management system, replace the human brain to issue instructions to direct the execution system to operate the car.

4.3 Smart Key

Commercial vehicle smart keys emit infrared signals that can either open the door or open the fuel filler cap. The more advanced smart key is like a credit card. When the driver touches the door handle, the central lock control system starts to work and sends a wireless inquiry signal. After the smart key responds correctly, the lock will automatically open. At the same time, the engine will only start when the central processor feels that the key is stuck in the car.

4.4 Intelligent Maintenance System

The system continuously records all kinds of important data of running status, uses these data to calculate the wear rate, and uses this data to indicate the remaining mileage from the next maintenance. It not only makes full use of the lubricating fluid and wearing parts, but also reduces the need for maintenance. The parking time is conducive to improving the efficiency of fleet management; the system can also record the driver's operational error and make it easier for personnel to diagnose the cause of the fault. As early as the late 1990s, the intelligent maintenance system was the standard equipment of the Mercedes Actors.



Fabricated Aluminium Profiles with CNC Machining

Fabricated Aluminium Profiles And Cnc Machining,Aluminum Alloy Precision Cnc Machining,Aluminum Material Components Maching,Aluminum Cnc Machinery Parts

Foshan Modern Copper & Aluminum Extrusion Co.,Ltd. , https://www.fsmodernaluminium.com