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A few days ago, relevant persons from the Ministry of Environmental Protection revealed that they are planning to formulate policies to strengthen the prevention and control of mercury pollution in mercury-added products and related industries. It is proposed to prohibit the production of new, rebuilt and expanded projects using liquid mercury and manual mercury injection.
On October 17th, the National Development and Reform Commission and other relevant departments jointly sponsored the farewell incandescent bulbs to light up the green life. The government's campaign theme campaign was held in Beijing. The purpose was to pass the low-carbon concept to everyone's mind through a light. At the same time, however, as energy-saving lamps gradually replaced incandescent lamps, the mercury pollution of energy-saving lamps has increasingly attracted the attention of all sectors of society.
Mercury pollution control can not be ignored. Research reports show that global lighting electricity accounts for 19% of total electricity consumption. China's lighting electricity accounts for about 13 of the total electricity consumption in the whole society. If we replace all of the 1.4 billion incandescent lamps in use in China, Energy-saving lamps can save 48 billion kWh per year, equivalent to reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 48 million tons, and have great potential for energy conservation and emission reduction.
At the end of 2011, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Announcement on the gradual ban on the import and sale of ordinary lighting incandescent lamps" and announced that by 2016, China will basically phase out the use of ordinary lighting incandescent lamps. It has become an inevitable trend to replace incandescent lamps with energy-efficient fluorescent lamps with high luminous efficiency. Chen Yansheng, chairman of the China Lighting Association, said in an interview with the China Economic Herald.
However, with the further promotion of energy-saving lamps, mercury pollution has also attracted the attention of all sectors of society. According to data provided by Su Juan, a researcher at the Institute of Electrical Light Source Materials of Nanjing University of Technology, the mercury consumption of energy-saving lamps in China is about 20 tons per year, and the infiltration of 1 milligram of mercury into the ground will cause pollution of 360 tons of water and surrounding soil. Mercury in the atmosphere is highly diffusible and fat soluble.
China is currently the country with the largest mercury use and emissions in the world. According to Xiao Xiaodong, an associate researcher at the Chemicals Registration Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, there is no mature mercury-free alternative technology for mercury-containing electric light source products worldwide, so the problem of mercury pollution needs to be taken seriously.
Production: The replacement of liquid mercury by solid mercury shows that in 2010, the output of fluorescent lamps produced using liquid mercury still accounted for about 29% of the total output of fluorescent lamps. Among them, the production of compact fluorescent lamps (capillaries) using solid mercury is only about 50, the metal halide lamps and ultraviolet lamps have a solid mercury usage rate of only 43 and 35, respectively, and the high-pressure mercury lamps use liquid mercury.
The use of different mercury injection methods will affect the amount of mercury used and emissions produced by electric light sources. According to industry insiders, the mercury content, mercury use and emissions of a single product using solid mercury are much lower than those of liquid mercury, while the mercury content, mercury use and emissions of a single product using the automatic liquid mercury process are Significantly lower than the manual liquid mercury process. Although liquid mercury has been used for many years as a traditional process, there are hidden dangers in the use and transportation of liquid mercury, which is likely to cause great harm to employees and the environment. Chen Yansheng said.
Harm due to the use of liquid mercury or manual mercury injection technology can not be ignored. The technical person in charge of a large energy-saving lamp company told the China Economic Herald reporter that in 2009, a fluorescent lamp manufacturer in China was not aware of the occupational hazards of mercury, causing many people to suffer from chronic mercury poisoning and was suspended by the relevant government departments. The broken lamp tube still causes the flow of liquid mercury, and the high temperature in the workshop causes the serious evaporation of mercury, which makes the workers of many energy-saving lamp factories in an extremely dangerous state.
Chen Yansheng analyzed that for enterprises, the use of solid mercury instead of liquid mercury as a raw material will increase the procurement cost, and the production process will also increase the cost of one-time equipment renovation. The wool will be on the sheep, and the energy-saving lamps will definitely be sold in the short term. Price, but through market competition, the price of energy-saving lamps can be lowered again.
He said that in order to achieve environmental goals and reduce the harm of mercury pollution, it is imperative that solid mercury replace liquid mercury.
Fluorescent lamps are only a transition, and eventually should be promoted in the LED lighting industry. Mercury is mainly used in the production of gas discharge lamps. Chen Yansheng revealed that the amount of mercury used in compact fluorescent lamps (commonly known as energy-saving lamps) has become increasingly optimistic. According to relevant sources of the National Electric Light Source Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, in 2008, the center took the lead in completing the test of the mercury content level of China's energy-saving lamps. The results show that there are about 36 energy-saving lamps in the Chinese mainland market. Less than 5 mg limit is required. In 2012, a random inspection of 80 batches of energy-saving lamps across the country showed that 90 of the energy-saving lamps had a mercury content of less than 2 mg and reached a low mercury level; even 11 energy-saving lamps could meet the mercury content limit of 1 mg. Requires that the level of micro mercury is reached.
However, industry insiders pointed out that in order to reduce the total amount of mercury used in fluorescent lamps, LED lamps should be gradually sought as an alternative light source. In the past, the display index of LED lamps was not very good, and the price was generally higher than that of fluorescent lamps. Win the market advantage over fluorescent lamps. An LED entrepreneur who asked not to be named said in an interview with the China Economic Herald: fluorescent lamps should be just a transition, and eventually replaced by LED lights.
Recycling of energy-saving lamps: the whole society needs to work together. Insiders pointed out that the current situation of energy-saving lamp recycling in China is not ideal, and to some extent, the spread of mercury pollution has also been aggravated.
At present, there are some policies for the recycling of energy-saving lamps in China, but there is no corresponding laws and regulations. Chen Yansheng said that the recovery of energy-saving lamps is not entirely a unilateral responsibility of enterprises, but a task that the whole society should accomplish together. Reducing the mercury content in the production process, such as using solid mercury instead of liquid mercury, reducing the amount of mercury injected is the responsibility of the enterprise, but once the energy-saving lamps are sold to the market, the recycling of energy-saving lamps is not only the enterprise side. Responsibility, but should be a common consideration of the whole society.
The insiders pointed out that while the relevant laws and regulations on mercury recovery are perfect, it is necessary for the environmental protection department to strengthen the law enforcement supervision and urge the enterprises and the whole society to enhance the awareness of recycling.
Experts believe that the current work in Japan and the European Union is progressing smoothly in the recycling of energy-saving lamps. In Japan, the government requires large users (such as shopping malls, subway companies or factories) to pay for the waste lamps to be sent to the recycling center. For home users, it is encouraged to recycle the discarded lamps in the households through garbage sorting. The cost of this part is borne by the government. Chen Yansheng pointed out.
In addition, the EU is characterized by the extension of producer social responsibility and the commissioning of third-party institutions to supervise production companies. Chen Yansheng believes that the degree of participation of foreign developed countries in the recycling of energy-saving lamps is worth learning from China.