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This process is as integrated structure, and mostly we adopt "cold-forge" process. We insert the material of Aluminum alloy pour into the Cold chamber die-casting machine by machine hand. LED Housing LED Housing,Die Casting Housing,Motor Housing Zheke Mould Technology Co. Ltd. , https://www.zkdiecasting.com
1. Foreign tires
1.1. Overview
In the world's tire production, automobile tires accounted for about 97%. In 2000, global tire production and sales reached the highest level in history. The output of automobile tires was about 1.155 billion, of which 860 million were sedan tires, accounting for 75%, light, medium, and heavy duty tires. 289 million accounts for 25%. The sales volume of cars and light trucks reached 1 billion, and medium-sized and heavy-duty trucks exceeded 100 million. Its sales amounted to 69.6 billion U.S. dollars.
Among the top 75 tire companies in the world, the three leaders Michelin, Bridgestone and Goodyear are far ahead. According to the 2002 World Top 75 tires, sales were 68.45 billion U.S. dollars, and the top three were 56.5%. The top 11 companies accounted for 82.5% of the world's top 75 tires; in China, there were 14 top 75 companies with a total of 4.17%.
1.2. The radialization, flattening, and tubelessness of foreign tires have become mature
Since radial tires have excellent performance compared to bias tires, such as safety, energy saving, comfort, durability, and the like. At present, the world's tire meridian ratio has reached about 90%, while Western Europe has approached 100%, and the United States and Japan have about 95%. Late-developed countries such as South Korea also reached 90%. With the development of automobiles and highways, tire performance requirements are getting higher and higher, such as safety, operability, and braking, tire sections tend to flat, and the 65 and 60 series of car radial tires have become conventional products. 55, The 50 series has been widely adopted in high-end vehicles, with 40, 35, and 30 series products being even lower. The rim diameter is also correspondingly increased. The light and heavy-duty radial tires are also in the same trend. In the UK and US markets, low-profile radial tires account for 50 %the above. At the same time as the implementation of radial tires, the realization of non-tuberculosis, car tires are basically tubeless tires, truck tires have also developed into tubeless, in Western Europe has been close to 100%, the United States more than 90%, Japan more than 55%.
In summary, tire meridianization, flattening, and tubelessness are the major trends in tire development today. It has basically completed in developed countries and has mature, systematic, and supporting production technologies.
1.3. The rapid development of a new generation of radial tires
The emergence of energy-saving tires, green tires, and environmentally-friendly tires is the most representative and epoch-making new generation of radial tires in the 1990s. Secondly, the introduction of water-skid safety tires to improve tires' high-speed driving safety on wet roads. The company has developed patterns that resemble "double crown" tires, such as Goodyear's Aguatread (overtread) tires, Continental's Aguacontact (water contact) tires, Michelin's Catamam (double hull) tires, and Bridges. Pass FT70C tires and so on. In addition, run-flat tires, smart tires, ultra-lightweight tires, ultra-high mileage tires, color tires, bionic tires and other new products emerge in endlessly.
2. Domestic tires
2.1. Overview
At present, all provinces (except Tibet and Qinghai) have tire companies. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 360 tire companies in the country, of which Shandong Province accounts for about 1/3. In 2002, the national tire production was about 130 million, ranking third in the world. There are 35.23 million tires exported. The export delivery value of radial tires has accounted for more than 40% of the total value of export tires, and the proportion has been increasing year by year. The traditional situation in which export of bias tires is the main export is changing.
Among the 50 companies in the Tire Association's statistics, the top 10 tire sales revenue were in order: Anhui Jiatong, Rongcheng Rubber, Triangle Group, Shanghai Tire, Qingdao Huanghai, Hangzhou Zhongce, Double Star Huaqing, Guizhou Tire, Henan Tire, Shandong Linglong. . The top 10 gross profit margins are Xiamen Zhengxin, Anhui Jiatong, Delta Group, Rongcheng Rubber, Hangzhou Zhongce, Michelin Shenyang, Nanjing Jinhu, Double Star Huaqing, Henan Tire, and Qingdao Huanghai. Due to the rapid development of automobile and road transportation in China, the domestic tire market is huge, especially radial tires, but the increase in the number of foreign companies and the expansion of their scale have brought great impact on state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, and the competition will be fierce.
2.2. Development of China's radial tires
Radial tires have been listed in the catalogue of industries, products and technologies that the State encourages to give priority to, and are listed in the catalogue of high-tech products to speed up the development of radial tires and meet the needs of domestic and foreign markets and the requirements of environmental protection in the 21st century. From 1990 to 2000, the average annual increase rate of China's radial tires has reached 40%. Tire specifications basically meet domestic requirements. In 2002, the national production of radial tires was 54.14 million, and the meridian ratio was about 54% in automobile tires. Among them, there were 29.12 million car radial tires, 98% of the Meridian ratio, approximately 18.35 million radial tires, approximately 40% of the Meridian ratio, 6.66 million radial tires, and approximately 23% Meridian ratio. Foreign companies accounted for more than 65% of the national radial tire output, of which foreign companies with semi-steel wire and light duty radial tires accounted for 72.3%, and radial passenger tires accounted for 15%. The light-load and heavy-load radial tires grew at a faster rate, with an increase of 58% and 59.7% respectively in 2002 over the previous year. Its radial tires have a large space for development and become the current hot spot.
According to the needs of the market, there are many new projects for all-steel radial tires. Large and medium-sized tire companies in the existing production lines are expanding their scale. Private enterprises have also begun to get involved in radial tires, investing 300 million yuan or so, and building 300,000 new/year-old steel wire loads. There are more than 10 companies that have started the radial tire project. In this way, the scale of radial trucks will exceed 15 million by 2005, and the demand will be close to this number, with the meridian ratio at about 50%. The product specifications produced by the previous day are mainly inner tubes. The 10.00R, 20, and 11.00R20 have replaced the 9.00R20-based traditional specifications, and there are 8.25R20, 12.00R20, and other major specifications. In order to meet the needs of the international market, there will be gradual increase in tubeless, especially metric low-profile tubeless tires, the development trend, the current production specifications are 11R22.5, 11R24.5, 275/80R22.5, 295/80R22. 5,295/75R22.5, 315/80R22.5, 385/65R22.5, 295/60R22.5, etc., tread patterns are traction type, road type and many other varieties. Light truck radial tires are also toward the metric wide section without tube development.
In addition, radial tires are also being developed for construction tires and some agricultural tires.
2.3 Meridian Refurbishment Needs Attention
Due to the serious overload in our country, the service life of tires is reduced and they are damaged in advance, and the value of renovation is lost. This is a serious waste of resources, especially for all-steel radial tires, and it has not been able to give full play to its advantages of long service life, with the improvement of meridianization. The improvement of national laws and regulations, tires will generally be refurbished will be normal, the use of pre-vulcanized tire technology, will greatly improve the tire life, with obvious economic and social benefits, so in the development of radial tires at the same time, tires should be followed accordingly, Relevant departments must formulate policies and give sufficient attention and support.
By casting, through this process, we can produce Heat Sink with accurate dimension, strong surface and reliable structure. And the fin could be made higher, so that the area of thermal dissipation is expanded. One of the classic application is in field of LED.
â— Highly Compact Curved Fins Maximize Surface Area
â— Material can be formed in multiple dimensions
â— Round Pins, holes and standoffs formed in the tool in a single operation
â— Round Shapes (ideally suited for LED Cooling)